Research knowledge, capabilities, and practices for developing and applying advanced sensors, health monitoring technologies, computational techniques, and NonDestructive Evaluation (NDE) methodologies, e.g., x-ray, ultrasonic, eddy current inspection, to characterize advanced materials and structures, for developing intelligent, autonomous micro and nano-methods for characterization, health monitoring, control, and self-repair of aerospace systems, and for developing techniques and concepts for nondestructive flaw detection, manufacturing process control sensing, and instrument system miniaturization.