Biology and life sciences. PLOS thesaurus

Biology and life sciences

More specific terms

NT1 ↓ Agriculture ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Agricultural biotechnology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Genetically modified organisms ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Genetically modified animals
    - NT4 ↓ Genetically modified plants ►
  - NT3 ↓ Marker-assisted selection
- NT2 ↓ Agricultural economics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Income supports
  - NT3 ↓ Marketing cartels
  - NT3 ↓ Output ceilings
  - NT3 ↓ Price controls
- NT2 ↓ Agricultural methods ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Agricultural irrigation ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Drip irrigation
    - NT4 ↓ Lift irrigation
    - NT4 ↓ Surface irrigation
    - NT4 ↓ Tidal irrigation
  - NT3 ↓ High-input farming
  - NT3 ↓ Intercropping
  - NT3 ↓ Monoculture cropping
  - NT3 ↓ No-till farming
  - NT3 ↓ Organic farming
  - NT3 ↓ Slash-and-burn cultivation
  - NT3 ↓ Sustainable agriculture
- NT2 ↓ Agricultural production
- NT2 ↓ Agricultural soil science
- NT2 ↓ Agrochemicals ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Fertilizers
  - NT3 ↓ Fungicides
  - NT3 ↓ Herbicides
  - NT3 ↓ Insecticides ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Biological insecticides
    - NT4 ↓ DDT
    - NT4 ↓ Dieldrin
  - NT3 ↓ Pesticides ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Larvicides
- NT2 ↓ Agroecology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Agroforests
  - NT3 ↓ Colony collapse
  - NT3 ↓ Ecological political economy
  - NT3 ↓ Holon agroecology
- NT2 ↓ Agronomy ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Horticulture ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Greenhouses
    - NT4 ↓ Planting
  - NT3 ↓ Plant breeding
  - NT3 ↓ Plant products ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Biofuel feedstocks
    - NT4 ↓ Cotton
    - NT4 ↓ Straw
    - NT4 ↓ Timber
    - NT4 ↓ Vegetable oils
- NT2 ↓ Animal management ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Animal breeding
  - NT3 ↓ Animal husbandry
  - NT3 ↓ Animal performance
  - NT3 ↓ Animal production
  - NT3 ↓ Animal slaughter
  - NT3 ↓ Animal welfare
- NT2 ↓ Animal products ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Fur
  - NT3 ↓ Gelatin
  - NT3 ↓ Honey
  - NT3 ↓ Leather
  - NT3 ↓ Meat ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Beef
    - NT4 ↓ Ham
    - NT4 ↓ Pork
  - NT3 ↓ Pearls
  - NT3 ↓ Silk
  - NT3 ↓ Wool
- NT2 ↓ Aquaculture ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Fish farming ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Fisheries
  - NT3 ↓ Mariculture
  - NT3 ↓ Oyster farming
  - NT3 ↓ Sea urchin aquaculture
  - NT3 ↓ Shrimp farming
- NT2 ↓ Crop science ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Crop diseases
  - NT3 ↓ Crop management
  - NT3 ↓ Crops ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cereal crops ►
    - NT4 ↓ Fiber crops ►
    - NT4 ↓ Fruits ►
    - NT4 ↓ Soybean
    - NT4 ↓ Tobacco
    - NT4 ↓ Vegetables ►
  - NT3 ↓ Plant products ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Biofuel feedstocks
    - NT4 ↓ Cotton
    - NT4 ↓ Straw
    - NT4 ↓ Timber
    - NT4 ↓ Vegetable oils
- NT2 ↓ Farms ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Orchards
- NT2 ↓ Forestry ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Agroforests
- NT2 ↓ Fungiculture
- NT2 ↓ Livestock ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Cattle ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Zebus
  - NT3 ↓ Poultry ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chickens
    - NT4 ↓ Turkeys
  - NT3 ↓ Sheep
  - NT3 ↓ Swine
- NT2 ↓ Pest control ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Integrated control
  - NT3 ↓ Pesticides ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Larvicides
- NT2 ↓ Pests ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Insect pests ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Locusts
    - NT4 ↓ Medfly
    - NT4 ↓ Olive fruit fly
    - NT4 ↓ Weevils
NT1 ↓ Anatomy ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Abdomen ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Peritoneum ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Mesentery
- NT2 ↓ Biological tissue ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Adipose tissue ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Brown adipose tissue
  - NT3 ↓ Connective tissue ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bone ►
    - NT4 ↓ Cartilage ►
    - NT4 ↓ Connective tissue cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Granulation tissue
    - NT4 ↓ Ligaments ►
    - NT4 ↓ Perichondrium
    - NT4 ↓ Tendons
  - NT3 ↓ Epithelium ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Epithelial cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Mucous membranes
  - NT3 ↓ Ganglia
  - NT3 ↓ Muscle tissue ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Muscle cells ►
  - NT3 ↓ Necrotic tissue
  - NT3 ↓ Nerve tissue
  - NT3 ↓ Skin tissue
  - NT3 ↓ Soft tissues
  - NT3 ↓ Subcutaneous tissue
- NT2 ↓ Body fluids ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Amniotic fluid
  - NT3 ↓ Bile ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bilirubin
  - NT3 ↓ Blood ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Alkali denaturation technique
    - NT4 ↓ Blood counts ►
    - NT4 ↓ Blood flow
    - NT4 ↓ Blood groups
    - NT4 ↓ Blood plasma
    - NT4 ↓ Blood serum ►
    - NT4 ↓ Blood sugar
    - NT4 ↓ Blood volume
    - NT4 ↓ Plasma volume
    - NT4 ↓ Platelets
  - NT3 ↓ Cerebrospinal fluid
  - NT3 ↓ Fluid physiology
  - NT3 ↓ Follicular fluid
  - NT3 ↓ Gastric mucosa
  - NT3 ↓ Interstitial fluid
  - NT3 ↓ Lymph
  - NT3 ↓ Milk ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Breast milk
  - NT3 ↓ Mucus ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Sputum
  - NT3 ↓ Nasal mucosa
  - NT3 ↓ Saliva
  - NT3 ↓ Semen
  - NT3 ↓ Sweat
  - NT3 ↓ Synovial fluid
  - NT3 ↓ Urine
- NT2 ↓ Bone ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Bone density
  - NT3 ↓ Bone matrix
  - NT3 ↓ Diaphyses
  - NT3 ↓ Epiphyses
  - NT3 ↓ Growth plate
  - NT3 ↓ Osteoclasts
  - NT3 ↓ Periosteum
- NT2 ↓ Brain ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Amygdala
  - NT3 ↓ Auditory cortex
  - NT3 ↓ Basal ganglia ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Caudate nucleus
  - NT3 ↓ Brainstem ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Medulla oblongata
    - NT4 ↓ Midbrain
  - NT3 ↓ Cerebellar cortex
  - NT3 ↓ Cerebral cortex ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cerebellar nuclei
    - NT4 ↓ Cerebellum
    - NT4 ↓ Entorhinal cortex
    - NT4 ↓ Frontal lobe
    - NT4 ↓ Occipital lobe
    - NT4 ↓ Parietal lobe
    - NT4 ↓ Temporal lobe
  - NT3 ↓ Cerebral hemispheres ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Left hemisphere
    - NT4 ↓ Right hemisphere
  - NT3 ↓ Cerebrum
  - NT3 ↓ Choroid plexus
  - NT3 ↓ Cingulate cortex
  - NT3 ↓ Corpus callosum
  - NT3 ↓ Diencephalon
  - NT3 ↓ Fourth ventricle
  - NT3 ↓ Globus pallidus
  - NT3 ↓ Hindbrain
  - NT3 ↓ Hippocampal formation ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Dentate gyrus
  - NT3 ↓ Hippocampus
  - NT3 ↓ Hypothalamus ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Arcuate nucleus
  - NT3 ↓ Inferior colliculus
  - NT3 ↓ Limbic system
  - NT3 ↓ Locus coeruleus
  - NT3 ↓ Motor cortex
  - NT3 ↓ Neocortex
  - NT3 ↓ Neostriatum
  - NT3 ↓ Nucleus accumbens
  - NT3 ↓ Olfactory bulb
  - NT3 ↓ Piriform cortex
  - NT3 ↓ Prefrontal cortex
  - NT3 ↓ Preoptic area
  - NT3 ↓ Red nucleus
  - NT3 ↓ Somatosensory cortex
  - NT3 ↓ Substantia nigra
  - NT3 ↓ Superior colliculus
  - NT3 ↓ Suprachiasmatic nucleus
  - NT3 ↓ Thalamus ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Thalamic nuclei
  - NT3 ↓ Ventral tegmental area
  - NT3 ↓ Visual cortex
- NT2 ↓ Cardiovascular anatomy ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Blood vessels ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Aorta
    - NT4 ↓ Aortic bifurcation
    - NT4 ↓ Arteries ►
    - NT4 ↓ Arterioles
    - NT4 ↓ Capillaries
    - NT4 ↓ Retinal vessels
    - NT4 ↓ Veins ►
    - NT4 ↓ Venules
  - NT3 ↓ Endothelium
  - NT3 ↓ Heart ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Aortic valve
    - NT4 ↓ Cardiac atria
    - NT4 ↓ Cardiac ventricles
    - NT4 ↓ Endocardium
    - NT4 ↓ Epicardium
    - NT4 ↓ Myocardium
    - NT4 ↓ Pericardium
- NT2 ↓ Comparative anatomy
- NT2 ↓ Digestive system ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Gastrointestinal tract ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Anus
    - NT4 ↓ Cardia
    - NT4 ↓ Cecum
    - NT4 ↓ Colon
    - NT4 ↓ Duodenum
    - NT4 ↓ Esophagus
    - NT4 ↓ Gastric mucosa
    - NT4 ↓ Ileum
    - NT4 ↓ Jejunum
    - NT4 ↓ Large intestine
    - NT4 ↓ Rectum
    - NT4 ↓ Small intestine
    - NT4 ↓ Stomach
  - NT3 ↓ Mouth ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Lips
    - NT4 ↓ Mandible
    - NT4 ↓ Palate
    - NT4 ↓ Tongue
  - NT3 ↓ Pharynx ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Nasopharynx
    - NT4 ↓ Oropharynx
  - NT3 ↓ Salivary glands ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Parotid glands
    - NT4 ↓ Sublingual glands
    - NT4 ↓ Submandibular glands
  - NT3 ↓ Teeth ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Dental pulp
    - NT4 ↓ Dentin
    - NT4 ↓ Incisors
    - NT4 ↓ Molars
- NT2 ↓ Endocrine system ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Adrenal cortex
  - NT3 ↓ Adrenal glands
  - NT3 ↓ Endocrine cells
  - NT3 ↓ Endocrine subsystems
  - NT3 ↓ Pancreas ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Pancreatic ducts
  - NT3 ↓ Parathyroid
  - NT3 ↓ Pineal gland
  - NT3 ↓ Pituitary gland
  - NT3 ↓ Thyroid
- NT2 ↓ Exocrine glands ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Mammary glands
  - NT3 ↓ Pancreas ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Pancreatic ducts
  - NT3 ↓ Prostate gland
  - NT3 ↓ Salivary glands ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Parotid glands
    - NT4 ↓ Sublingual glands
    - NT4 ↓ Submandibular glands
  - NT3 ↓ Sweat glands
- NT2 ↓ Head ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Ears ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Inner ear ►
    - NT4 ↓ Middle ear
    - NT4 ↓ Organ of Corti
    - NT4 ↓ Semicircular canals
  - NT3 ↓ Eyes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Eye color
  - NT3 ↓ Face ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cheeks
    - NT4 ↓ Chin
    - NT4 ↓ Forehead
    - NT4 ↓ Lips
    - NT4 ↓ Nose
  - NT3 ↓ Jaw ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Teeth ►
  - NT3 ↓ Scalp
- NT2 ↓ Histology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Histological examination
- NT2 ↓ Integumentary system ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Hair ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Hair follicles
  - NT3 ↓ Nails
  - NT3 ↓ Skin ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Dermis
    - NT4 ↓ Epidermis
    - NT4 ↓ Eyelids
    - NT4 ↓ Hair follicles
    - NT4 ↓ Hypodermis
    - NT4 ↓ Sebaceous glands
    - NT4 ↓ Skin anatomy
    - NT4 ↓ Skin physiology
    - NT4 ↓ Sweat glands
- NT2 ↓ Liver ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Biliary system ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bile ducts
    - NT4 ↓ Gallbladder
  - NT3 ↓ Hepatocytes
- NT2 ↓ Lymphatic system ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Lymph nodes
  - NT3 ↓ Lymphoid follicles
  - NT3 ↓ Lymphoid organs
  - NT3 ↓ Lymphoid tissue
  - NT3 ↓ Peyer's patches
- NT2 ↓ Musculoskeletal system ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Joints (anatomy) ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Ankle joints
    - NT4 ↓ Knee joints
    - NT4 ↓ Knuckles
  - NT3 ↓ Limbs (anatomy) ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Arms ►
    - NT4 ↓ Legs ►
  - NT3 ↓ Muscles ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Abdominal muscles
    - NT4 ↓ Cardiac muscles
    - NT4 ↓ Gastrocnemius muscles
    - NT4 ↓ Muscle components
    - NT4 ↓ Muscle fibers ►
    - NT4 ↓ Papillary muscles
    - NT4 ↓ Pharyngeal muscles
    - NT4 ↓ Skeletal muscles
    - NT4 ↓ Smooth muscles
    - NT4 ↓ Soleus muscles
    - NT4 ↓ Triceps
  - NT3 ↓ Pelvis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Hip
    - NT4 ↓ Ilium
    - NT4 ↓ Ischium
    - NT4 ↓ Pubis
  - NT3 ↓ Shoulders
  - NT3 ↓ Skeleton ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Femur
    - NT4 ↓ Fibula
    - NT4 ↓ Frontal bones
    - NT4 ↓ Humerus
    - NT4 ↓ Maxilla
    - NT4 ↓ Phalanges
    - NT4 ↓ Ribs
    - NT4 ↓ Skull ►
    - NT4 ↓ Sternum
    - NT4 ↓ Tibia
  - NT3 ↓ Spine ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cervical vertebrae
    - NT4 ↓ Lumbar vertebrae
    - NT4 ↓ Vertebrae
  - NT3 ↓ Symphyses
- NT2 ↓ Neck ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Throat ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Larynx
    - NT4 ↓ Tonsils
- NT2 ↓ Nervous system ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Autonomic nervous system
  - NT3 ↓ Central nervous system ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Blood-brain barrier
    - NT4 ↓ Meninges
  - NT3 ↓ Cerebrospinal fluid
  - NT3 ↓ Motor system
  - NT3 ↓ Nerve tissue
  - NT3 ↓ Nerves ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Auditory nerves
    - NT4 ↓ Cranial nerves ►
    - NT4 ↓ Nerve endings
    - NT4 ↓ Sciatic nerves
    - NT4 ↓ Spinal nerves
  - NT3 ↓ Neuroanatomy ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Connectomics
    - NT4 ↓ Neural pathways
    - NT4 ↓ Neurovasculature
    - NT4 ↓ Pituitary gland
    - NT4 ↓ Spinal cord
  - NT3 ↓ Peripheral nervous system
  - NT3 ↓ Sympathetic nervous system
  - NT3 ↓ Synapses ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Electrical synapses
    - NT4 ↓ Gap junctions
    - NT4 ↓ Neuromuscular junctions
    - NT4 ↓ Post-synaptic membranes
    - NT4 ↓ Pre-synaptic membranes
    - NT4 ↓ Synaptic vesicles
    - NT4 ↓ Synaptosomes
- NT2 ↓ Ocular system ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Eyes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Eye color
  - NT3 ↓ Intraocular pressure
  - NT3 ↓ Ocular anatomy ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Choroid
    - NT4 ↓ Cornea
    - NT4 ↓ Corneal epithelium
    - NT4 ↓ Eye muscles
    - NT4 ↓ Fovea centralis
    - NT4 ↓ Iris
    - NT4 ↓ Lens (anatomy)
    - NT4 ↓ Optic disc
    - NT4 ↓ Pupil
    - NT4 ↓ Retina
    - NT4 ↓ Retinal vessels
    - NT4 ↓ Trabecular meshwork
  - NT3 ↓ Optic lobes
  - NT3 ↓ Optic nerve
  - NT3 ↓ Optic tract
- NT2 ↓ Olfactory organs
- NT2 ↓ Renal system ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Bladder
  - NT3 ↓ Kidneys ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Glomeruli
    - NT4 ↓ Nephrons
  - NT3 ↓ Renal anatomy
  - NT3 ↓ Ureter
  - NT3 ↓ Urothelium
- NT2 ↓ Reproductive system ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Breast tissue ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Mammary glands
  - NT3 ↓ Cotyledons (anatomy)
  - NT3 ↓ Fallopian tubes
  - NT3 ↓ Genital anatomy ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cervix
    - NT4 ↓ Clitoris
    - NT4 ↓ Epididymis
    - NT4 ↓ Gonads
    - NT4 ↓ Penis
    - NT4 ↓ Seminiferous tubules
    - NT4 ↓ Testes
    - NT4 ↓ Vagina
    - NT4 ↓ Vulva
  - NT3 ↓ Ovaries ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Follicular fluid
    - NT4 ↓ Ovarian follicles
  - NT3 ↓ Placenta ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Placentation
  - NT3 ↓ Seminal vesicles
  - NT3 ↓ Uterus ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Decidua
    - NT4 ↓ Endometrium
    - NT4 ↓ Myometrium
- NT2 ↓ Respiratory system ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Alveoli ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Pneumocytes
  - NT3 ↓ Bronchi
  - NT3 ↓ Bronchioles
  - NT3 ↓ Gills
  - NT3 ↓ Lungs
  - NT3 ↓ Nasal cavity
  - NT3 ↓ Nasal concha
  - NT3 ↓ Nasal mucosa
  - NT3 ↓ Nasal passages
  - NT3 ↓ Pharynx ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Nasopharynx
    - NT4 ↓ Oropharynx
  - NT3 ↓ Spiracles
  - NT3 ↓ Thoracic diaphragm
  - NT3 ↓ Trachea
- NT2 ↓ Sense organs
- NT2 ↓ Thorax ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Pleura
  - NT3 ↓ Pleural cavity
NT1 ↓ Astrobiology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Extraterrestrial life
NT1 ↓ Behavior ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Aggression
- NT2 ↓ Altruistic behavior
- NT2 ↓ Animal behavior ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Animal migration ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Animal navigation ►
    - NT4 ↓ Homing behavior
  - NT3 ↓ Animal sexual behavior ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Mating behavior ►
  - NT3 ↓ Animal signaling and communication ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bird song
    - NT4 ↓ Echolocation
    - NT4 ↓ Vocalization
    - NT4 ↓ Waggle-dancing
  - NT3 ↓ Animal sociality
  - NT3 ↓ Collective animal behavior
  - NT3 ↓ Foraging
  - NT3 ↓ Grazing
  - NT3 ↓ Hibernation
  - NT3 ↓ Hunting behavior
  - NT3 ↓ Imitation
  - NT3 ↓ Imprinting (psychology)
  - NT3 ↓ Instinct
- NT2 ↓ Behavioral conditioning ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Classical conditioning
  - NT3 ↓ Fear conditioning
  - NT3 ↓ Operant conditioning
- NT2 ↓ Behavioral economics
- NT2 ↓ Behavioral matrix
- NT2 ↓ Conditioned response
- NT2 ↓ Deception
- NT2 ↓ Diurnal variations
- NT2 ↓ Drug abuse
- NT2 ↓ Habits ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Eating habits
  - NT3 ↓ Health habits
  - NT3 ↓ Nesting habits
  - NT3 ↓ Smoking habits ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Electronic cigarettes
  - NT3 ↓ Study habits
- NT2 ↓ Human movement
- NT2 ↓ Human performance
- NT2 ↓ Human sexual behavior
- NT2 ↓ Inhibitions
- NT2 ↓ Motivation
- NT2 ↓ Non-verbal communication ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Sign language
- NT2 ↓ Parenting behavior
- NT2 ↓ Recreation ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Gambling
  - NT3 ↓ Games ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Computer games ►
  - NT3 ↓ Social play
  - NT3 ↓ Sports
- NT2 ↓ Verbal behavior ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Verbal communication
NT1 ↓ Bioacoustics
NT1 ↓ Biochemistry ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Antioxidants
- NT2 ↓ Biocatalysis
- NT2 ↓ Biochemical activity
- NT2 ↓ Biochemical reactivation
- NT2 ↓ Biochemical simulations
- NT2 ↓ Bioelectromagnetism
- NT2 ↓ Bioenergetics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Electron transport chain
  - NT3 ↓ Energy-producing organelles ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Mitochondria ►
  - NT3 ↓ Ionic current
- NT2 ↓ Bioinorganic chemistry
- NT2 ↓ Biomacromolecule-ligand interactions
- NT2 ↓ Biomarkers ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Creatinine
- NT2 ↓ Biosynthesis ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Carbohydrate biosynthesis
- NT2 ↓ Blood chemistry
- NT2 ↓ Chemical biology
- NT2 ↓ Chondroitin
- NT2 ↓ Circadian oscillators
- NT2 ↓ Cytochemistry ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Histochemistry
  - NT3 ↓ Immunocytochemistry
- NT2 ↓ Enzymology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Enzyme chemistry ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cofactors (biochemistry) ►
    - NT4 ↓ Enzyme metabolism
    - NT4 ↓ Enzyme regulation ►
  - NT3 ↓ Enzyme inhibitors ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ ACE inhibitors
    - NT4 ↓ Aromatase inhibitors
    - NT4 ↓ Cholinesterase inhibitors
    - NT4 ↓ Competitive inhibitors
    - NT4 ↓ Irreversible inhibitors
    - NT4 ↓ Kinase inhibitors ►
    - NT4 ↓ Neuraminidase inhibitors
    - NT4 ↓ Noncompetitive inhibitors
    - NT4 ↓ Phosphatase inhibitors
    - NT4 ↓ Protease inhibitors ►
    - NT4 ↓ Proteinase inhibitors
    - NT4 ↓ Reversible inhibitors
    - NT4 ↓ RNase inhibitors
    - NT4 ↓ Uncompetitive inhibitors
  - NT3 ↓ Enzyme kinetics
  - NT3 ↓ Enzyme precursors ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Zymogens
  - NT3 ↓ Enzyme structure
  - NT3 ↓ Enzymes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Carbonic anhydrases
    - NT4 ↓ Catalases
    - NT4 ↓ Cellulases
    - NT4 ↓ Chymotrypsin
    - NT4 ↓ Digestive enzymes
    - NT4 ↓ Dismutases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Helicases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Hexokinases
    - NT4 ↓ Hydrolases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Isomerases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Isozymes
    - NT4 ↓ Laccases
    - NT4 ↓ Ligases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Lyases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Methyltransferases
    - NT4 ↓ Oxidoreductases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Pepsins
    - NT4 ↓ Peroxidases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Phosphatases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Phosphodiesterases
    - NT4 ↓ Plasmins
    - NT4 ↓ Proteases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Protein kinases
    - NT4 ↓ Recombinases
    - NT4 ↓ Ribozymes ►
    - NT4 ↓ Saccharidases
    - NT4 ↓ Transferases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Ureases
- NT2 ↓ Glycobiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Glycogens
  - NT3 ↓ Glycolipids
  - NT3 ↓ Glycoproteins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ E2 glycoproteins
    - NT4 ↓ Fibrinogen
    - NT4 ↓ N-linked glycoproteins
    - NT4 ↓ O-linked glycoproteins
    - NT4 ↓ P-glycoproteins
    - NT4 ↓ Virus glycoproteins
  - NT3 ↓ Glycosylamines ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Nucleosides ►
  - NT3 ↓ Glycosylation
  - NT3 ↓ Polysaccharides ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Glucans ►
    - NT4 ↓ Heteropolysaccharides ►
  - NT3 ↓ Proteoglycans
- NT2 ↓ Hormones ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Androgens ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Testosterone
  - NT3 ↓ Calcitonin
  - NT3 ↓ Catecholamines ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Dopamine
    - NT4 ↓ Epinephrine
    - NT4 ↓ Norepinephrine
  - NT3 ↓ Estrogens
  - NT3 ↓ Glucagon
  - NT3 ↓ Gonadotropins
  - NT3 ↓ Insulin
  - NT3 ↓ Lipid hormones ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Aldosterone
    - NT4 ↓ Calcitriol
    - NT4 ↓ Dehydroepiandrosterone
    - NT4 ↓ Ecdysterone
    - NT4 ↓ Estradiol
    - NT4 ↓ Hydrocortisone
    - NT4 ↓ Leukotriene
    - NT4 ↓ Progesterone
    - NT4 ↓ Prostacyclin
    - NT4 ↓ Prostaglandin
    - NT4 ↓ Testosterone
    - NT4 ↓ Thromboxane
  - NT3 ↓ Melatonin
  - NT3 ↓ Monamines
  - NT3 ↓ Parathyroid hormone
  - NT3 ↓ Peptide hormones ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Adiponectin
    - NT4 ↓ Adrenocorticotropic hormone
    - NT4 ↓ Atrial natriuretic peptide
    - NT4 ↓ Brain natriuretic peptide
    - NT4 ↓ Cholecystokinin
    - NT4 ↓ Chorionic gonadotropin
    - NT4 ↓ Corticotropin-releasing hormone
    - NT4 ↓ Erythropoietin
    - NT4 ↓ Follicle-stimulating hormone
    - NT4 ↓ Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
    - NT4 ↓ Gastrin
    - NT4 ↓ Ghrelin
    - NT4 ↓ Glucagon
    - NT4 ↓ Insulin-like growth factors
    - NT4 ↓ Leptin
    - NT4 ↓ Luteinizing hormone
    - NT4 ↓ Motilin
    - NT4 ↓ Neuropeptides
    - NT4 ↓ Osteocalcin
    - NT4 ↓ Oxytocin
    - NT4 ↓ Prolactin
    - NT4 ↓ Relaxin
    - NT4 ↓ Renin-angiotensin system
    - NT4 ↓ Resistin
    - NT4 ↓ Secretin
    - NT4 ↓ Somatostatin
    - NT4 ↓ Thyroid-stimulating hormone
    - NT4 ↓ Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
    - NT4 ↓ Vasopressin
  - NT3 ↓ Plant hormones ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Abscisic acid
    - NT4 ↓ Auxins
    - NT4 ↓ Cytokinins
    - NT4 ↓ Ethylene
    - NT4 ↓ Gibberellins
    - NT4 ↓ Jasmonic acid
    - NT4 ↓ Plant peptide hormones
  - NT3 ↓ Sex hormones
  - NT3 ↓ Steroid hormones ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Hydrocortisone
  - NT3 ↓ Thyroid hormones ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Thyroxine
- NT2 ↓ Lipids ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Cholesterol
  - NT3 ↓ Endocannabinoids
  - NT3 ↓ Fats
  - NT3 ↓ Fatty acids ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Linoleic acid
    - NT4 ↓ Oleates
    - NT4 ↓ Oleic acid
    - NT4 ↓ Stearic acid
  - NT3 ↓ Fatty alcohols
  - NT3 ↓ Glycerides
  - NT3 ↓ Isoprenoids
  - NT3 ↓ Lipid aggregates
  - NT3 ↓ Lipid bilayer
  - NT3 ↓ Lipid mediators
  - NT3 ↓ Lipid metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Lipid peroxidation
  - NT3 ↓ Lipid profiles
  - NT3 ↓ Lipid structure
  - NT3 ↓ Neutral lipids
  - NT3 ↓ Oils
  - NT3 ↓ Phospholipids ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Lecithin
  - NT3 ↓ Phytosterols
  - NT3 ↓ Prostaglandins
  - NT3 ↓ Sphingolipids
  - NT3 ↓ Sterols
- NT2 ↓ Metabolism ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Amino acid metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Biological transport ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Zinc transporters
  - NT3 ↓ Biorecognition
  - NT3 ↓ Bone and mineral metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Carbohydrate metabolism ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Glucose metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Cartilage metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Catabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Copper metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Energy metabolism ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Energy metabolism in cancer cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Energy metabolism in tumor cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Extra-mitochondrial energy metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Glucose intolerance
  - NT3 ↓ Glucose tolerance
  - NT3 ↓ Lipid metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Lipogenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Metabolic pathways ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Xenobiotic metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Metabolic processes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Citric acid cycle
    - NT4 ↓ Fermentation
    - NT4 ↓ Glycolysis
    - NT4 ↓ Oxidative phosphorylation
    - NT4 ↓ Proteolysis
  - NT3 ↓ Metabolites ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Retinoic acid
    - NT4 ↓ Secondary metabolites
  - NT3 ↓ Metabolomics
  - NT3 ↓ Nitrogen metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Nucleic acid metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Oxygen metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Protein metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Purine metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Secondary metabolism
- NT2 ↓ Neurochemistry ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Neurochemicals ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Dopaminergics
    - NT4 ↓ Eicosanoids
    - NT4 ↓ Endocannabinoids
    - NT4 ↓ Levodopa
    - NT4 ↓ Nerve growth factor
    - NT4 ↓ Neuropeptides
    - NT4 ↓ Nitric oxide
    - NT4 ↓ Opiates
    - NT4 ↓ Oxytocin
  - NT3 ↓ Neuroendocrinology
  - NT3 ↓ Neuromodulation
  - NT3 ↓ Neurotransmitters ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Acetylcholine
    - NT4 ↓ Biogenic amines ►
    - NT4 ↓ Cholinergics
    - NT4 ↓ Gamma-aminobutyric acid
    - NT4 ↓ Glutamate
- NT2 ↓ Nucleic acids ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ DNA ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Ancient DNA
    - NT4 ↓ DNA amplification
    - NT4 ↓ DNA cleavage
    - NT4 ↓ DNA damage
    - NT4 ↓ DNA electrophoresis
    - NT4 ↓ DNA fragmentation
    - NT4 ↓ DNA libraries ►
    - NT4 ↓ DNA metabolism
    - NT4 ↓ DNA modification ►
    - NT4 ↓ DNA recombination ►
    - NT4 ↓ DNA repair ►
    - NT4 ↓ DNA replication
    - NT4 ↓ DNA structure ►
    - NT4 ↓ DNA synthesis
    - NT4 ↓ Forms of DNA ►
    - NT4 ↓ Non-coding DNA
    - NT4 ↓ Operons ►
    - NT4 ↓ Promoter regions ►
  - NT3 ↓ Nucleic acid components
  - NT3 ↓ Nucleic acid thermodynamics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Annealing (genetics) ►
  - NT3 ↓ RNA ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Antisense RNA
    - NT4 ↓ Complementary RNA
    - NT4 ↓ Double stranded RNA
    - NT4 ↓ Messenger RNA ►
    - NT4 ↓ Non-coding RNA ►
    - NT4 ↓ Ribozymes ►
    - NT4 ↓ RNA editing
    - NT4 ↓ RNA interference ►
    - NT4 ↓ RNA processing ►
    - NT4 ↓ RNA sequences
    - NT4 ↓ RNA stability
    - NT4 ↓ RNA structure ►
    - NT4 ↓ RNA synthesis
    - NT4 ↓ RNA transport
    - NT4 ↓ Spliceosomes
    - NT4 ↓ Uridine
  - NT3 ↓ Synthetic nucleic acids ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Glycol nucleic acids
    - NT4 ↓ Locked nucleic acids
    - NT4 ↓ Threose nucleic acids
- NT2 ↓ Nucleotides ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Adenine
  - NT3 ↓ Anticodons
  - NT3 ↓ Cytosine
  - NT3 ↓ Dinucleotide repeats
  - NT3 ↓ Guanine
  - NT3 ↓ Nucleobases ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Uracils
  - NT3 ↓ Polynucleotides
  - NT3 ↓ Ribonucleotides
  - NT3 ↓ Thymine
- NT2 ↓ Oxidative damage ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Reactive oxygen species
- NT2 ↓ Peptides ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Glutathione
  - NT3 ↓ Polypeptides
  - NT3 ↓ Synthetic peptides
  - NT3 ↓ Synthetic polypeptides
- NT2 ↓ Pheromones ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Alarm pheromones
  - NT3 ↓ Human pheromones
  - NT3 ↓ Insect pheromones
  - NT3 ↓ Pheromone receptors
  - NT3 ↓ Sex pheromones
- NT2 ↓ Plant biochemistry ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Carbohydrate biosynthesis
  - NT3 ↓ Photosynthesis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ C3 photosynthesis
    - NT4 ↓ C4 photosynthesis
    - NT4 ↓ Carbon fixation
    - NT4 ↓ Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase
  - NT3 ↓ Phytochemicals
  - NT3 ↓ Plant energy production
  - NT3 ↓ Plant hormones ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Abscisic acid
    - NT4 ↓ Auxins
    - NT4 ↓ Cytokinins
    - NT4 ↓ Ethylene
    - NT4 ↓ Gibberellins
    - NT4 ↓ Jasmonic acid
    - NT4 ↓ Plant peptide hormones
- NT2 ↓ Prohormones
- NT2 ↓ Proteins ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Acute phase proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Albumins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Serum albumin
  - NT3 ↓ Allosteric regulation
  - NT3 ↓ Amino acids ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Acidic amino acids ►
    - NT4 ↓ Aliphatic amino acids ►
    - NT4 ↓ Amino acid substitution
    - NT4 ↓ Aromatic amino acids ►
    - NT4 ↓ Basic amino acids ►
    - NT4 ↓ Cyclic amino acids ►
    - NT4 ↓ Hydroxyl amino acids ►
    - NT4 ↓ Sulfur containing amino acids ►
  - NT3 ↓ Antifreeze proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Antiport proteins
  - NT3 ↓ C-reactive proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Cargo proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Cargo receptors
  - NT3 ↓ Chaperone proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Chromoproteins
  - NT3 ↓ Coagulation factors
  - NT3 ↓ Collagens
  - NT3 ↓ Conjugated proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Contractile proteins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Actins
    - NT4 ↓ Myosins
  - NT3 ↓ Cytochrome oxidase
  - NT3 ↓ Cytoskeletal proteins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Actins
    - NT4 ↓ Ankyrins
    - NT4 ↓ Catenins
    - NT4 ↓ Desmin
    - NT4 ↓ Dyneins
    - NT4 ↓ Dystrophin
    - NT4 ↓ Intermediate filaments
    - NT4 ↓ Internexin
    - NT4 ↓ Keratins
    - NT4 ↓ Kinesins
    - NT4 ↓ Lamins
    - NT4 ↓ Membrane-associated cytoskeletal proteins
    - NT4 ↓ Microtubule-associated proteins
    - NT4 ↓ Myofilaments
    - NT4 ↓ Myosins
    - NT4 ↓ Nestin
    - NT4 ↓ Neurofilaments
    - NT4 ↓ Peripherin
    - NT4 ↓ Spectrins
    - NT4 ↓ Syncoilin
    - NT4 ↓ Synemin
    - NT4 ↓ Tropomodulin
    - NT4 ↓ Tropomyosin
    - NT4 ↓ Troponin
    - NT4 ↓ Tubulins
    - NT4 ↓ Utrophin
    - NT4 ↓ Vimentin
  - NT3 ↓ Defense proteins
  - NT3 ↓ DNA-binding proteins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Histones
    - NT4 ↓ Nucleases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Polymerases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Transcription factors
  - NT3 ↓ Dopamine transporters
  - NT3 ↓ Elastin
  - NT3 ↓ Enzymes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Carbonic anhydrases
    - NT4 ↓ Catalases
    - NT4 ↓ Cellulases
    - NT4 ↓ Chymotrypsin
    - NT4 ↓ Digestive enzymes
    - NT4 ↓ Dismutases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Helicases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Hexokinases
    - NT4 ↓ Hydrolases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Isomerases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Isozymes
    - NT4 ↓ Laccases
    - NT4 ↓ Ligases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Lyases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Methyltransferases
    - NT4 ↓ Oxidoreductases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Pepsins
    - NT4 ↓ Peroxidases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Phosphatases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Phosphodiesterases
    - NT4 ↓ Plasmins
    - NT4 ↓ Proteases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Protein kinases
    - NT4 ↓ Recombinases
    - NT4 ↓ Ribozymes ►
    - NT4 ↓ Saccharidases
    - NT4 ↓ Transferases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Ureases
  - NT3 ↓ Extracellular matrix proteins
  - NT3 ↓ F-spondin
  - NT3 ↓ Ferrodoxin
  - NT3 ↓ Fibrin
  - NT3 ↓ Flagellin
  - NT3 ↓ Globins
  - NT3 ↓ Globular proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Globulins
  - NT3 ↓ Gluten
  - NT3 ↓ Glycophorins
  - NT3 ↓ Hemoglobin
  - NT3 ↓ Hemoproteins
  - NT3 ↓ Immune system proteins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Antibodies ►
    - NT4 ↓ Antigens ►
    - NT4 ↓ Complement system ►
    - NT4 ↓ Defensins
    - NT4 ↓ Immune receptors ►
    - NT4 ↓ Inflammasomes
  - NT3 ↓ Interferons
  - NT3 ↓ Intracellular receptors
  - NT3 ↓ Intrinsically disordered proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Ion channels ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Calcium channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Ion channel gating
    - NT4 ↓ Ligand-gated ion channels
    - NT4 ↓ Light-gated ion channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Mechanosensitive ion channels
    - NT4 ↓ Non-selective cation channels
    - NT4 ↓ Potassium channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Proton channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Sodium channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Transient receptor potential channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Two-pore ion channels
    - NT4 ↓ Voltage-gated ion channels ►
  - NT3 ↓ Lectins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Concanavalin A
    - NT4 ↓ Phytohemagglutinins
    - NT4 ↓ Wheat germ agglutinins
  - NT3 ↓ Lipoproteins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Apolipoprotein genes
    - NT4 ↓ Apolipoproteins
    - NT4 ↓ Lipoprotein metabolism
    - NT4 ↓ Lipoprotein receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Lipoprotein secretion
    - NT4 ↓ Lipoprotein structure
    - NT4 ↓ Proteolipids
  - NT3 ↓ Luminescent proteins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Aequorin
    - NT4 ↓ Blue fluorescent protein
    - NT4 ↓ Cyan fluorescent protein
    - NT4 ↓ Green fluorescent protein
    - NT4 ↓ Luciferin
    - NT4 ↓ Photoactivatable fluorescent proteins
    - NT4 ↓ Yellow fluorescent protein
  - NT3 ↓ Major histocompatibility antigens
  - NT3 ↓ Motor proteins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Actin motors ►
  - NT3 ↓ Mucin
  - NT3 ↓ Muscle proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Nucleoproteins
  - NT3 ↓ Nutrient and storage proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Odorant binding proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Phosphoproteins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Casein
  - NT3 ↓ Pikachurin
  - NT3 ↓ Plasma proteins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Haptoglobins
  - NT3 ↓ Post-translational modification ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Acetylation ►
    - NT4 ↓ Acylation ►
    - NT4 ↓ Amide bonds
    - NT4 ↓ Biotinylation
    - NT4 ↓ Carboxylation
    - NT4 ↓ Citrullination
    - NT4 ↓ Deamidation
    - NT4 ↓ Disulfide bonds
    - NT4 ↓ Ethylation
    - NT4 ↓ Flavin
    - NT4 ↓ Formylation
    - NT4 ↓ Glycation
    - NT4 ↓ Glycosylation
    - NT4 ↓ Heme
    - NT4 ↓ Hydroxylation
    - NT4 ↓ Lipoylation
    - NT4 ↓ Mannosylation
    - NT4 ↓ Myristoylation
    - NT4 ↓ Palmitoylation
    - NT4 ↓ Pegylation
    - NT4 ↓ Phosphorylation
    - NT4 ↓ Protein trans-splicing
    - NT4 ↓ S-nitrosylation
    - NT4 ↓ Signal peptides
    - NT4 ↓ SUMOylation
    - NT4 ↓ Ubiquitination
  - NT3 ↓ Prions
  - NT3 ↓ Properdin
  - NT3 ↓ Protamines
  - NT3 ↓ Protein aggregation
  - NT3 ↓ Protein chemistry
  - NT3 ↓ Protein complexes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Ferritin ►
    - NT4 ↓ Membrane protein complexes
    - NT4 ↓ Proteasomes
    - NT4 ↓ Signalosomes
  - NT3 ↓ Protein domains ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Ankyrin repeat domain
    - NT4 ↓ Basic helix–loop–helix domain
    - NT4 ↓ Basic leucine zipper domain
    - NT4 ↓ Cell entry domains
    - NT4 ↓ DEAD-box
    - NT4 ↓ Forkhead box
    - NT4 ↓ Homeobox
    - NT4 ↓ Paired box
    - NT4 ↓ SH2 domain
    - NT4 ↓ Sry box
    - NT4 ↓ Zinc finger domain
  - NT3 ↓ Protein interactions ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Protein interactomes
    - NT4 ↓ Protein-lipid interactions
    - NT4 ↓ Protein-polynucleotide interactions
    - NT4 ↓ Protein-polyphenol interactions
    - NT4 ↓ Protein-protein interactions
    - NT4 ↓ Protein-solvent interactions
  - NT3 ↓ Protein structure ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Alpha helix
    - NT4 ↓ Beta helix
    - NT4 ↓ Protein cleavage
    - NT4 ↓ Protein folding
    - NT4 ↓ Protein misfolding
    - NT4 ↓ Protein structure comparison
    - NT4 ↓ Protein structure databases
    - NT4 ↓ Protein structure determination
    - NT4 ↓ Protein structure networks
    - NT4 ↓ Protein structure prediction
  - NT3 ↓ Protein synthesis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cell-free protein synthesis
    - NT4 ↓ Dendritic protein synthesis
    - NT4 ↓ Epithelial cell protein synthesis
    - NT4 ↓ Muscle protein synthesis
    - NT4 ↓ Protein synthesis inhibitors
    - NT4 ↓ Viral protein synthesis
  - NT3 ↓ Protein transport ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Protein secretion
  - NT3 ↓ Proteolysis
  - NT3 ↓ Proteomes
  - NT3 ↓ Recombinant proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Regulatory proteins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Elongation factors
    - NT4 ↓ Transcription factors
  - NT3 ↓ Ribonucleoproteins
  - NT3 ↓ Ricin
  - NT3 ↓ RNA-binding proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Scramblase
  - NT3 ↓ Septins
  - NT3 ↓ Serum proteins
  - NT3 ↓ STAT proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Structural proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Synport proteins
  - NT3 ↓ T cell receptors
  - NT3 ↓ Thrombin
  - NT3 ↓ Thyroglobulin
  - NT3 ↓ Tissue proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Transcription activators
  - NT3 ↓ Transmembrane receptors ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Acetylcholine receptors ►
    - NT4 ↓ G protein coupled receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Serotonin receptors
  - NT3 ↓ Transmembrane transport proteins
  - NT3 ↓ Ubiquitin-proteasome system
- NT2 ↓ Proteomics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Peptide libraries
  - NT3 ↓ Peptide mapping
  - NT3 ↓ Protein abundance
  - NT3 ↓ Protein interaction networks
  - NT3 ↓ Proteomic databases
  - NT3 ↓ Spectrometric identification of proteins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture
  - NT3 ↓ Synthetic peptides
- NT2 ↓ Ribosomes ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Polyribosomes
  - NT3 ↓ Ribosomal RNA
- NT2 ↓ Salt bridges
- NT2 ↓ Tissue distribution
NT1 ↓ Bioethics ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Justice in science
- NT2 ↓ Respect for human dignity
- NT2 ↓ Sanctity of life
- NT2 ↓ Scientific beneficence
- NT2 ↓ Scientific nonmaleficence
NT1 ↓ Biogeography ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Phylogeography
NT1 ↓ Biomechanics ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Biological fluid mechanics
- NT2 ↓ Biological locomotion ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Bipedalism
  - NT3 ↓ Burrowing
  - NT3 ↓ Climbing
  - NT3 ↓ Crawling
  - NT3 ↓ Flagellar rotation
  - NT3 ↓ Flight (biology) ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bat flight
    - NT4 ↓ Bird flight
    - NT4 ↓ Flight speeds
    - NT4 ↓ Insect flight
  - NT3 ↓ Gait analysis
  - NT3 ↓ Jumping
  - NT3 ↓ Locomotion on the water surface
  - NT3 ↓ Running
  - NT3 ↓ Swimming
  - NT3 ↓ Walking
- NT2 ↓ Bone and joint mechanics
- NT2 ↓ Cell mechanics
- NT2 ↓ Hand strength
- NT2 ↓ Musculoskeletal mechanics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Musculoskeletal exertion
- NT2 ↓ Tissue mechanics
NT1 ↓ Biophysics ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Biological fluid mechanics
- NT2 ↓ Bionanotechnology
- NT2 ↓ Biophysical simulations
- NT2 ↓ Biophysics theory
- NT2 ↓ Cell mechanics
- NT2 ↓ Dosimetry
- NT2 ↓ Ion channels ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Calcium channels ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Voltage-gated calcium channels
  - NT3 ↓ Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels
  - NT3 ↓ Ion channel gating
  - NT3 ↓ Ligand-gated ion channels
  - NT3 ↓ Light-gated ion channels ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Channelrhodopsins
  - NT3 ↓ Mechanosensitive ion channels
  - NT3 ↓ Non-selective cation channels
  - NT3 ↓ Potassium channels ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Calcium-activated potassium channels
    - NT4 ↓ Inward-rectifier potassium channels
    - NT4 ↓ Two-pore-domain potassium channels
    - NT4 ↓ Voltage-gated potassium channels
  - NT3 ↓ Proton channels ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Voltage-gated proton channels
  - NT3 ↓ Sodium channels ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Epithelial sodium channels
    - NT4 ↓ Voltage-gated sodium channels
  - NT3 ↓ Transient receptor potential channels ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Temperature-gated ion channels
  - NT3 ↓ Two-pore ion channels
  - NT3 ↓ Voltage-gated ion channels ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Catsper channels
    - NT4 ↓ Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels
    - NT4 ↓ Voltage-gated calcium channels
    - NT4 ↓ Voltage-gated potassium channels
    - NT4 ↓ Voltage-gated proton channels
    - NT4 ↓ Voltage-gated sodium channels
- NT2 ↓ Ion transport
- NT2 ↓ Nucleic acid thermodynamics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Annealing (genetics) ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ DNA annealing
    - NT4 ↓ RNA annealing
    - NT4 ↓ Single-strand annealing
    - NT4 ↓ Synthesis-dependent strand annealing
- NT2 ↓ Radiation biophysics
- NT2 ↓ Tissue mechanics
NT1 ↓ Biotechnology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Applied microbiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Biodegradation
  - NT3 ↓ Bioremediation ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Phytoremediation
  - NT3 ↓ Industrial microbiology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Biocatalysis
    - NT4 ↓ Bioconversion
- NT2 ↓ Bioeconomics
- NT2 ↓ Bioengineering ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Biological systems engineering
  - NT3 ↓ Biomedical engineering
  - NT3 ↓ Biomimetics
  - NT3 ↓ Bionics
  - NT3 ↓ Synthetic bioengineering ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Genome engineering ►
    - NT4 ↓ Macromolecular engineering ►
    - NT4 ↓ Metabolic engineering
    - NT4 ↓ Network engineering
    - NT4 ↓ Pathway engineering
  - NT3 ↓ Tissue engineering
- NT2 ↓ Biomaterials ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Biopolymers
- NT2 ↓ Bionanotechnology
- NT2 ↓ Environmental biotechnology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Biodegradation
  - NT3 ↓ Bioremediation ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Phytoremediation
- NT2 ↓ Genetic engineering ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Genetically modified foods
  - NT3 ↓ Genetically modified organisms ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Genetically modified animals
    - NT4 ↓ Genetically modified plants ►
  - NT3 ↓ Plasmid vectors
  - NT3 ↓ Transgenic engineering
- NT2 ↓ Medical devices and equipment ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Catheters
  - NT3 ↓ Contraceptives
  - NT3 ↓ Lancets
  - NT3 ↓ Pacemakers
  - NT3 ↓ Prosthetics
  - NT3 ↓ Respirators
- NT2 ↓ Pharmacogenomics
- NT2 ↓ Plant biotechnology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Genetically modified plants ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Genetically modified crops
  - NT3 ↓ Marker-assisted selection
  - NT3 ↓ Plant genomics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Plant genomes
- NT2 ↓ Small molecules ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Haptens
- NT2 ↓ Synthetic biotechnology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Nano-enabled synthetic biology
  - NT3 ↓ Synthetic nucleic acids ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Glycol nucleic acids
    - NT4 ↓ Locked nucleic acids
    - NT4 ↓ Threose nucleic acids
  - NT3 ↓ Synthetic peptides
NT1 ↓ Cell biology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Agglutinins ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Phytohemagglutinins
  - NT3 ↓ Wheat germ agglutinins
- NT2 ↓ Cell adhesion ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Cadherins
  - NT3 ↓ Integrins
  - NT3 ↓ Leukocyte adhesion
  - NT3 ↓ Selectins
- NT2 ↓ Cell motility ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Actin filaments ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Branched actin filaments
    - NT4 ↓ Dynamic actin filaments
    - NT4 ↓ Nuclear actin filaments
  - NT3 ↓ Cell migration ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cancer cell migration
    - NT4 ↓ Directed cell migration
    - NT4 ↓ Host cell migration
    - NT4 ↓ Neuron migration
  - NT3 ↓ Cell swimming
  - NT3 ↓ Chemotaxis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chemokines
  - NT3 ↓ Ciliary movement
  - NT3 ↓ Cytoplasmic streaming
  - NT3 ↓ Electromotility
  - NT3 ↓ Flagellar motility
- NT2 ↓ Cell physiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Cell activation
  - NT3 ↓ Cell aging
  - NT3 ↓ Cell binding
  - NT3 ↓ Cell communication
  - NT3 ↓ Cell compartmentation
  - NT3 ↓ Cell cycling
  - NT3 ↓ Cell degranulation
  - NT3 ↓ Cell enucleation
  - NT3 ↓ Cell formation
  - NT3 ↓ Cell fusion
  - NT3 ↓ Cell immortalization
  - NT3 ↓ Cell induction
  - NT3 ↓ Cell metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Cell movement
  - NT3 ↓ Cell polarity ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Planar cell polarity
  - NT3 ↓ Cell transformation
  - NT3 ↓ Junctional complexes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Desmosomes
    - NT4 ↓ Electrical synapses
    - NT4 ↓ Gap junctions
    - NT4 ↓ Septate junctions
    - NT4 ↓ Tight junctions
  - NT3 ↓ Membrane trafficking
  - NT3 ↓ Receptor physiology
  - NT3 ↓ Transdifferentiation
- NT2 ↓ Cell processes ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Actin polymerization
  - NT3 ↓ Active transport ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Primary active transport
    - NT4 ↓ Secondary active transport
  - NT3 ↓ Autolysis
  - NT3 ↓ Axonal transport
  - NT3 ↓ Cell aggregation
  - NT3 ↓ Cell cycle and cell division ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Anaphase
    - NT4 ↓ Cell cycle inhibitors
    - NT4 ↓ Cyclins
    - NT4 ↓ Cytokinesis
    - NT4 ↓ G1 phase
    - NT4 ↓ G2 phase
    - NT4 ↓ Meiosis ►
    - NT4 ↓ Metaphase
    - NT4 ↓ Mitogens
    - NT4 ↓ Mitosis ►
    - NT4 ↓ Prophase
    - NT4 ↓ Synthesis phase
    - NT4 ↓ Telophase
  - NT3 ↓ Cell death ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Apoptosis
    - NT4 ↓ Autophagic cell death
    - NT4 ↓ Cytolysis
    - NT4 ↓ Necrotic cell death
    - NT4 ↓ Neuronal death
  - NT3 ↓ Cell growth
  - NT3 ↓ Cell proliferation
  - NT3 ↓ Cellular stress responses ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Endoplasmic reticulum stress response
    - NT4 ↓ Heat shock response
  - NT3 ↓ Endocytosis
  - NT3 ↓ Exocytosis
  - NT3 ↓ Extrusion (biology)
  - NT3 ↓ Microtubule polymerization ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Microtubule dynamics
  - NT3 ↓ Nuclear import
  - NT3 ↓ Phagocytosis
  - NT3 ↓ Pinocytosis
  - NT3 ↓ Protein transport ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Protein secretion
  - NT3 ↓ Secretory pathway ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Endocytosis
    - NT4 ↓ Endoplasmic reticulum ►
    - NT4 ↓ Exocytosis
    - NT4 ↓ Golgi apparatus
- NT2 ↓ Cellular structures and organelles ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Acrosomes
  - NT3 ↓ Cell membranes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Coated pits
    - NT4 ↓ Intracellular membranes
    - NT4 ↓ Lipid bilayer
    - NT4 ↓ Membrane characteristics
    - NT4 ↓ Membrane composition
    - NT4 ↓ Membrane fusion
    - NT4 ↓ Membrane metabolism
    - NT4 ↓ Membrane proteins ►
  - NT3 ↓ Cell nucleus ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Nuclear matrix
    - NT4 ↓ Nuclear membrane
  - NT3 ↓ Cell pores
  - NT3 ↓ Cell signaling structures ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Signaling centers
    - NT4 ↓ Signaling complexes
  - NT3 ↓ Cell walls ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Plant cell walls
  - NT3 ↓ Centrioles
  - NT3 ↓ Centrosomes
  - NT3 ↓ Chloroplasts ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chlorophyll
    - NT4 ↓ Etioplasts
    - NT4 ↓ Synthetic chloroplasts
  - NT3 ↓ Cilia
  - NT3 ↓ Cytoplasm
  - NT3 ↓ Cytoskeleton ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Microfilaments
    - NT4 ↓ Microtubules
  - NT3 ↓ Endoplasmic reticulum ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Rough endoplasmic reticulum
    - NT4 ↓ Sarcoplasmic reticula
  - NT3 ↓ Energy-producing organelles ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Mitochondria ►
  - NT3 ↓ Extracellular matrix ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Basement membrane
    - NT4 ↓ Extracellular matrix adhesions
    - NT4 ↓ Extracellular matrix composition
    - NT4 ↓ Integrins
  - NT3 ↓ Flagella ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial flagella
  - NT3 ↓ Golgi apparatus
  - NT3 ↓ Kinetoplasts
  - NT3 ↓ Lysosomes
  - NT3 ↓ Microvilli
  - NT3 ↓ Nuclear bodies
  - NT3 ↓ Nucleolus
  - NT3 ↓ Peroxisomes
  - NT3 ↓ Pili and fimbriae
  - NT3 ↓ Pseudopodia
  - NT3 ↓ Ribosomes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Polyribosomes
    - NT4 ↓ Ribosomal RNA
  - NT3 ↓ Secretory granules
  - NT3 ↓ Subcellular localization
  - NT3 ↓ Vacuoles ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Plant vacuoles
  - NT3 ↓ Vesicles ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Coated vesicles
    - NT4 ↓ Endosomes
    - NT4 ↓ Liposomes
    - NT4 ↓ Phagosomes
    - NT4 ↓ Synaptic vesicles
- NT2 ↓ Cellular types ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Animal cells ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Blastomeres
    - NT4 ↓ Blood cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Bone marrow cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Chromaffin cells
    - NT4 ↓ Connective tissue cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Endocrine cells
    - NT4 ↓ Epithelial cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Germ cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Giant cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Glial cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Granular cells
    - NT4 ↓ Hepatocytes
    - NT4 ↓ Immune cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Leydig cells
    - NT4 ↓ Lutein cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Mesodermal cells
    - NT4 ↓ Muscle cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Muscle fibers ►
    - NT4 ↓ Neuroblasts
    - NT4 ↓ Neurons ►
    - NT4 ↓ Pericytes
    - NT4 ↓ Precursor cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Spheroplasts
    - NT4 ↓ Stem cells ►
  - NT3 ↓ Clone cells
  - NT3 ↓ Eukaryotic cells
  - NT3 ↓ Granule cells
  - NT3 ↓ Micronucleated cells
  - NT3 ↓ Plant cells ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chloroplasts ►
    - NT4 ↓ Companion cells
    - NT4 ↓ Guard cells
    - NT4 ↓ Meristematic cells
    - NT4 ↓ Mesophyll cells
    - NT4 ↓ Palisade mesophyll
    - NT4 ↓ Parenchyma cells
    - NT4 ↓ Pavement cells
    - NT4 ↓ Plant cell walls
    - NT4 ↓ Plasmodesmata
    - NT4 ↓ Spongy mesophyll
  - NT3 ↓ Prokaryotic cells
  - NT3 ↓ Protoplasts
  - NT3 ↓ Somatic cells
- NT2 ↓ Chromosome biology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Chromatin ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chromatin modification ►
    - NT4 ↓ Euchromatin
    - NT4 ↓ Heterochromatin
    - NT4 ↓ Nucleosomes
  - NT3 ↓ Chromosomal aberrations ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Deletions
    - NT4 ↓ Duplications
    - NT4 ↓ Inversions
    - NT4 ↓ Translocations
  - NT3 ↓ Chromosomes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Autosomes
    - NT4 ↓ Chromatids
    - NT4 ↓ Chromosome pairs ►
    - NT4 ↓ Chromosome structure and function ►
    - NT4 ↓ Dicentric chromosomes
    - NT4 ↓ Homologous chromosomes
    - NT4 ↓ Isochromosomes
    - NT4 ↓ Polytene chromosomes
    - NT4 ↓ Sex chromosomes ►
  - NT3 ↓ Meiosis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Meiotic prophase
    - NT4 ↓ Spermatogenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Synapsis
  - NT3 ↓ Mitosis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Prometaphase
- NT2 ↓ Cytochemistry ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Histochemistry
  - NT3 ↓ Immunocytochemistry
- NT2 ↓ Cytological landmarks
- NT2 ↓ Cytology
- NT2 ↓ Cytometry
- NT2 ↓ Cytoplasmic inclusions ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Crystalline inclusions
  - NT3 ↓ Lipid inclusions
- NT2 ↓ Cytosol
- NT2 ↓ Cytostatics
- NT2 ↓ Extracellular space
- NT2 ↓ Glycocalyx
- NT2 ↓ Hypoxia
- NT2 ↓ Microsomes
- NT2 ↓ Molecular motors ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Microtubule motors ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Dyneins
    - NT4 ↓ Kinesins
  - NT3 ↓ Motor proteins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Actin motors ►
- NT2 ↓ Osmotic shock
- NT2 ↓ Oxidative stress
- NT2 ↓ Plant cell biology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Chloroplasts ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chlorophyll
    - NT4 ↓ Etioplasts
    - NT4 ↓ Synthetic chloroplasts
  - NT3 ↓ Mesophyll
  - NT3 ↓ Plant cells ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chloroplasts ►
    - NT4 ↓ Companion cells
    - NT4 ↓ Guard cells
    - NT4 ↓ Meristematic cells
    - NT4 ↓ Mesophyll cells
    - NT4 ↓ Palisade mesophyll
    - NT4 ↓ Parenchyma cells
    - NT4 ↓ Pavement cells
    - NT4 ↓ Plant cell walls
    - NT4 ↓ Plasmodesmata
    - NT4 ↓ Spongy mesophyll
  - NT3 ↓ Plant mitochondria
  - NT3 ↓ Plant vacuoles
  - NT3 ↓ Plastids
- NT2 ↓ Signal transduction ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Adrenergic signal transduction
  - NT3 ↓ Axon guidance receptors
  - NT3 ↓ Calcium-mediated signal transduction
  - NT3 ↓ Cargo receptors
  - NT3 ↓ Catenin signal transduction
  - NT3 ↓ Cell signaling ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Apoptotic signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Autocrine signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Beta-catenin signaling
    - NT4 ↓ BMP signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Calcium signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Cell movement signaling
    - NT4 ↓ cGMP signaling
    - NT4 ↓ CREB signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Crk-associated substrate signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Crosstalk (biology)
    - NT4 ↓ Developmental signaling
    - NT4 ↓ EGFR signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Endocrine signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Extracellular matrix signaling
    - NT4 ↓ G-protein signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Genomic signal processing
    - NT4 ↓ Glucose signaling
    - NT4 ↓ GTPase signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Hedgehog signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Intracrine signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Juxtacrine signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Leukocyte signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Lipid signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Membrane receptor signaling ►
    - NT4 ↓ Mitogenic signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Mitotic signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Neurological signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Notch signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Nuclear receptor signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Nuclear signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Oncogenic signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Paracrine signaling
    - NT4 ↓ PPAR signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Protein kinase C signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Ras signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Redox signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Retinoid signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Signal inhibition
    - NT4 ↓ Signaling cascades ►
    - NT4 ↓ Signaling molecules ►
    - NT4 ↓ SMAD signaling
    - NT4 ↓ STAT signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Thrombin signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Toll-like receptor signaling
    - NT4 ↓ TOR signaling
    - NT4 ↓ Transmembrane signaling
    - NT4 ↓ VEGF signaling
  - NT3 ↓ Coreceptors ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ CCR coreceptors
    - NT4 ↓ CCR5 coreceptor
    - NT4 ↓ CD coreceptors
    - NT4 ↓ Chemokine coreceptors
    - NT4 ↓ Wnt coreceptors
  - NT3 ↓ Immune receptors ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ B cell receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Complement receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Cytokine receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Fc receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Killer activated and killer inhibitor receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Pattern recognition receptors
    - NT4 ↓ T cell receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Toll-like receptors
  - NT3 ↓ Insulin-dependent signal transduction
  - NT3 ↓ Intracellular receptors
  - NT3 ↓ Leptin signal transduction
  - NT3 ↓ Lipoprotein receptors
  - NT3 ↓ Mechanisms of signal transduction ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Feedback regulation
    - NT4 ↓ Second messenger system
    - NT4 ↓ Signal initiation
    - NT4 ↓ Signal termination
  - NT3 ↓ Pheromone receptors
  - NT3 ↓ Phosphoinositide signal transduction
  - NT3 ↓ Photoreceptors
  - NT3 ↓ Sensory receptors ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Mechanoreceptors
    - NT4 ↓ Nociceptors
    - NT4 ↓ Taste buds
  - NT3 ↓ Transmembrane receptors ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Acetylcholine receptors ►
    - NT4 ↓ G protein coupled receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Serotonin receptors
NT1 ↓ Chronobiology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Circadian oscillators
- NT2 ↓ Circadian rhythms
- NT2 ↓ Daylight ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Sunrise
  - NT3 ↓ Sunset
  - NT3 ↓ Twilight
NT1 ↓ Computational biology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Biochemical simulations
- NT2 ↓ Biological data management
- NT2 ↓ Bioontologies
- NT2 ↓ Biophysical simulations
- NT2 ↓ Comparative genomics
- NT2 ↓ Computational neuroscience ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Artificial neural networks
  - NT3 ↓ Coding mechanisms
  - NT3 ↓ Single neuron function
- NT2 ↓ Ecosystem modeling
- NT2 ↓ Epigenomics
- NT2 ↓ Evolutionary modeling
- NT2 ↓ Gene regulatory networks
- NT2 ↓ Genome analysis ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Array CGH
  - NT3 ↓ Chromatin immunoprecipitation
  - NT3 ↓ Gene ontologies ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Gene ontology annotations
    - NT4 ↓ Gene ontology associations
    - NT4 ↓ Gene ontology curation
    - NT4 ↓ Reference Genome Project
  - NT3 ↓ Gene prediction
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic networks
  - NT3 ↓ Genome annotation
  - NT3 ↓ Genome scans
  - NT3 ↓ Genome-wide association studies ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Family-based association studies
    - NT4 ↓ Quantitative trait association studies
    - NT4 ↓ Statistical analysis of genetic association
  - NT3 ↓ Genomic databases
  - NT3 ↓ Genomic libraries
  - NT3 ↓ Sequence assembly tools
  - NT3 ↓ Spacer regions
  - NT3 ↓ Trait locus analysis
  - NT3 ↓ Transcriptome analysis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Genome expression analysis
    - NT4 ↓ Next-generation sequencing
    - NT4 ↓ Serial analysis of gene expression
- NT2 ↓ Genome complexity ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Copy number variation
  - NT3 ↓ Duplicated genes
  - NT3 ↓ Introns
  - NT3 ↓ Non-coding RNA sequences
  - NT3 ↓ Pseudogenes
- NT2 ↓ Genome evolution
- NT2 ↓ Genomics statistics
- NT2 ↓ Population modeling ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Infectious disease modeling
NT1 ↓ Cryobiology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Cold hardiness ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Antifreeze proteins
- NT2 ↓ Cryonics
- NT2 ↓ Cryopreservation
NT1 ↓ Developmental biology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Angiogenesis ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Intussusception
  - NT3 ↓ Tumor angiogenesis
- NT2 ↓ Cell differentiation ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Adipocyte differentiation
  - NT3 ↓ Neuronal differentiation
  - NT3 ↓ Osteoblast differentiation
- NT2 ↓ Cell fate determination
- NT2 ↓ Cell migration ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Cancer cell migration
  - NT3 ↓ Directed cell migration
  - NT3 ↓ Host cell migration
  - NT3 ↓ Neuron migration
- NT2 ↓ Diapause
- NT2 ↓ Embryogenesis ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Plant embryogenesis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Plant embryo anatomy ►
- NT2 ↓ Embryology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Amnion
  - NT3 ↓ Blastocysts ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Trophoblasts
  - NT3 ↓ Blastomeres
  - NT3 ↓ Blastulas ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Blastoderm
  - NT3 ↓ Chorion
  - NT3 ↓ Ectoderm
  - NT3 ↓ Embryo development
  - NT3 ↓ Embryos
  - NT3 ↓ Endoderm
  - NT3 ↓ Fetuses ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Fetal development
  - NT3 ↓ Gastrulas
  - NT3 ↓ Limb buds
  - NT3 ↓ Mesoderm ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Mesodermal cells
  - NT3 ↓ Notochords
  - NT3 ↓ Placenta ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Placentation
  - NT3 ↓ Umbilical cord
  - NT3 ↓ Yolk sac
- NT2 ↓ Evolutionary developmental biology
- NT2 ↓ Fertilization ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Human fertilization
  - NT3 ↓ In vitro fertilization
  - NT3 ↓ Insemination
  - NT3 ↓ Parthenogenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Sperm chemotaxis
  - NT3 ↓ Sperm hyperactivation
  - NT3 ↓ Sperm-egg interactions
  - NT3 ↓ Syngamy
- NT2 ↓ Fibrosis ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Cystic fibrosis
  - NT3 ↓ Pulmonary fibrosis
- NT2 ↓ Genomic imprinting
- NT2 ↓ Life cycles ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Diplobiontic life cycle
  - NT3 ↓ Diplontic life cycle
  - NT3 ↓ Haplontic life cycle
  - NT3 ↓ Parasitic life cycles ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cercarias
    - NT4 ↓ Parasitic cell cycles
    - NT4 ↓ Sporocysts
  - NT3 ↓ Protozoan life cycles ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Amastigotes
    - NT4 ↓ Epimastigotes
    - NT4 ↓ Opisthomastigote
    - NT4 ↓ Promastigotes
    - NT4 ↓ Trypomastigotes
- NT2 ↓ Metamorphosis ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Amphibian metamorphosis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Tadpoles
  - NT3 ↓ Fish metamorphosis
  - NT3 ↓ Insect metamorphosis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Hemimetabolism
    - NT4 ↓ Holometabolism
    - NT4 ↓ Imagos
    - NT4 ↓ Pupae
  - NT3 ↓ Larvae ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Caterpillars
  - NT3 ↓ Nymphs
  - NT3 ↓ Precocious metamorphosis
- NT2 ↓ Microbial growth and development ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Bacterial growth
  - NT3 ↓ Dictyostelium growth and development ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Dictyostelium fruiting body ►
    - NT4 ↓ Dictyostelium slug
  - NT3 ↓ Fungal growth
- NT2 ↓ Modes of reproduction ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Asexual reproduction
  - NT3 ↓ Sexual reproduction
- NT2 ↓ Molecular development ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Adhesion molecules ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Focal adhesions
  - NT3 ↓ Cytokines ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Interleukins
  - NT3 ↓ Morphogens
- NT2 ↓ Morphogenesis ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Acinar morphogenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Birth defects ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cleft lip and palate ►
    - NT4 ↓ Congenital heart defects ►
    - NT4 ↓ Cryptorchidism
    - NT4 ↓ Hypospadias
    - NT4 ↓ Limb reduction defects ►
    - NT4 ↓ Neural tube defects ►
    - NT4 ↓ Neuronal migration disorders
  - NT3 ↓ Body plan organization
  - NT3 ↓ Branching morphogenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Growth control
  - NT3 ↓ Imaginal discs ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Genital disc
  - NT3 ↓ Morphogenic segmentation
  - NT3 ↓ Muscle differentiation
  - NT3 ↓ Neurodevelopment
  - NT3 ↓ Pattern formation ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Embryonic pattern formation
    - NT4 ↓ Muscle pattern formation
  - NT3 ↓ Planar cell polarity
  - NT3 ↓ Regeneration ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Head regeneration
    - NT4 ↓ Heart regeneration
    - NT4 ↓ Limb regeneration
    - NT4 ↓ Muscle regeneration
    - NT4 ↓ Nerve regeneration
    - NT4 ↓ Tail regeneration
    - NT4 ↓ Tooth regeneration
  - NT3 ↓ Sex determination
  - NT3 ↓ Sexual differentiation ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Sexual dimorphism
  - NT3 ↓ Tube morphogenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Vasculogenesis
- NT2 ↓ Neonates
- NT2 ↓ Organism development ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Aging ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Senescence
  - NT3 ↓ Organogenesis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Adipose tissue development
    - NT4 ↓ Bone development
    - NT4 ↓ Brain development
    - NT4 ↓ Cartilage development
    - NT4 ↓ Endosperm development
    - NT4 ↓ Gallbladder development
    - NT4 ↓ Genitalia development
    - NT4 ↓ Gland development ►
    - NT4 ↓ Gut development
    - NT4 ↓ Heart development
    - NT4 ↓ Hematopoietic development
    - NT4 ↓ Imaginal disc development
    - NT4 ↓ Kidney development
    - NT4 ↓ Limb development
    - NT4 ↓ Liver development
    - NT4 ↓ Lung development
    - NT4 ↓ Lymphoid organ development
    - NT4 ↓ Malpighian tubule development
    - NT4 ↓ Meristem development ►
    - NT4 ↓ Muscle development
    - NT4 ↓ Ovary development
    - NT4 ↓ Pancreas development
    - NT4 ↓ Placenta development
    - NT4 ↓ Root development
    - NT4 ↓ Sense organ development ►
    - NT4 ↓ Skin development
    - NT4 ↓ Somites
    - NT4 ↓ Spleen development
    - NT4 ↓ Spore-bearing organ development
    - NT4 ↓ Testes development
    - NT4 ↓ Uterus development
  - NT3 ↓ Regeneration ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Head regeneration
    - NT4 ↓ Heart regeneration
    - NT4 ↓ Limb regeneration
    - NT4 ↓ Muscle regeneration
    - NT4 ↓ Nerve regeneration
    - NT4 ↓ Tail regeneration
    - NT4 ↓ Tooth regeneration
  - NT3 ↓ Teratology
  - NT3 ↓ Tropism ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Gravitropism
    - NT4 ↓ Phototropism
- NT2 ↓ Plant growth and development ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Plant development ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Endosperm development
    - NT4 ↓ Floral development
    - NT4 ↓ Leaf development
    - NT4 ↓ Meristem development ►
    - NT4 ↓ Plant embryogenesis ►
    - NT4 ↓ Root development
  - NT3 ↓ Plant tropisms ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Gravitropism
    - NT4 ↓ Phototropism
  - NT3 ↓ Root growth
  - NT3 ↓ Shoot growth
NT1 ↓ Ecology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Agroecology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Agroforests
  - NT3 ↓ Colony collapse
  - NT3 ↓ Ecological political economy
  - NT3 ↓ Holon agroecology
- NT2 ↓ Behavioral ecology
- NT2 ↓ Biodiversity
- NT2 ↓ Biota
- NT2 ↓ Chemical ecology
- NT2 ↓ Coastal ecology
- NT2 ↓ Community ecology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Community assembly
  - NT3 ↓ Community structure
  - NT3 ↓ Ecological remediation
  - NT3 ↓ Ecological risk
  - NT3 ↓ Energy flow
  - NT3 ↓ Food web structure
  - NT3 ↓ Niche construction
  - NT3 ↓ Trophic interactions ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Carnivory
    - NT4 ↓ Herbivory
    - NT4 ↓ Parasitism
    - NT4 ↓ Predation
- NT2 ↓ Ecological economics
- NT2 ↓ Ecological metrics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Biomass (ecology)
  - NT3 ↓ Carrying capacity
  - NT3 ↓ Ecological yield
  - NT3 ↓ Extinction risk
  - NT3 ↓ Maximum sustainable yield
  - NT3 ↓ Minimum viable population
  - NT3 ↓ Optimum sustainable yield
  - NT3 ↓ Photosynthetic efficiency
  - NT3 ↓ Population growth
  - NT3 ↓ Population size ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Effective population size
  - NT3 ↓ Productivity (ecology)
  - NT3 ↓ Q10 temperature coefficient
  - NT3 ↓ Relative abundance distribution
  - NT3 ↓ Species diversity ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Shannon index
    - NT4 ↓ Simpson index
- NT2 ↓ Ecological niches
- NT2 ↓ Ecophysiology
- NT2 ↓ Ecosystems ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Artificial ecosystems
  - NT3 ↓ Coastal ecosystems
  - NT3 ↓ Deserts
  - NT3 ↓ Ecosystem engineering
  - NT3 ↓ Ecosystem functioning
  - NT3 ↓ Ecosystem modeling
  - NT3 ↓ Forests
  - NT3 ↓ Jungles
  - NT3 ↓ Marine ecosystems
  - NT3 ↓ Microbial ecosystems
  - NT3 ↓ Rainforests
  - NT3 ↓ Reef ecosystems
  - NT3 ↓ Tropical ecosystems
  - NT3 ↓ Urban ecosystems
  - NT3 ↓ Wetland ecosystems ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Delta ecosystems
- NT2 ↓ Evolutionary ecology
- NT2 ↓ Food chains
- NT2 ↓ Forest ecology
- NT2 ↓ Freshwater ecology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Limnetic ecosystems
- NT2 ↓ Global change ecology
- NT2 ↓ Industrial ecology
- NT2 ↓ Macroecology
- NT2 ↓ Marine ecology
- NT2 ↓ Microbial ecology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Biofilms ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial biofilms
  - NT3 ↓ Microbiome
  - NT3 ↓ Quorum sensing
- NT2 ↓ Paleoecology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Dendrochronology
- NT2 ↓ Plant ecology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Plant communities ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Grasslands
  - NT3 ↓ Plant-animal interactions ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Herbivory
    - NT4 ↓ Plant-herbivore interactions
    - NT4 ↓ Plant-insect interactions
  - NT3 ↓ Plant-environment interactions ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Plant resistance to abiotic stress ►
    - NT4 ↓ Rhizosphere
  - NT3 ↓ Plant-microbial interactions
- NT2 ↓ Population ecology
- NT2 ↓ Restoration ecology
- NT2 ↓ Spatial and landscape ecology
- NT2 ↓ Systems ecology
- NT2 ↓ Terrestrial ecology
- NT2 ↓ Theoretical ecology
- NT2 ↓ Urban ecology
NT1 ↓ Evolutionary biology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Evolutionary developmental biology
- NT2 ↓ Evolutionary ecology
- NT2 ↓ Evolutionary genetics
- NT2 ↓ Evolutionary immunology
- NT2 ↓ Evolutionary physiology
- NT2 ↓ Evolutionary processes ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Artificial selection
  - NT3 ↓ Coevolution
  - NT3 ↓ Concerted evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Convergent evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Directed evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Divergent evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Evolutionary adaptation
  - NT3 ↓ Evolutionary emergence
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic drift
  - NT3 ↓ Horizontal gene transfer
  - NT3 ↓ Hybridization
  - NT3 ↓ Introgression
  - NT3 ↓ Kin selection
  - NT3 ↓ Macroevolution
  - NT3 ↓ Microevolution
  - NT3 ↓ Natural selection ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Directional selection
    - NT4 ↓ Ecological selection
    - NT4 ↓ Reproductive success ►
    - NT4 ↓ Sexual selection
    - NT4 ↓ Signatures of natural selection
    - NT4 ↓ Survival of the fittest
  - NT3 ↓ Parallel evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Phenetic evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Sexual conflict
  - NT3 ↓ Speciation ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Allopatric speciation
    - NT4 ↓ Artificial speciation
    - NT4 ↓ Human speciation
    - NT4 ↓ Hybrid speciation
    - NT4 ↓ Natural speciation
    - NT4 ↓ Parapatric speciation
    - NT4 ↓ Peripatric speciation
    - NT4 ↓ Species delimitation
    - NT4 ↓ Sympatric speciation
  - NT3 ↓ Species extinction
- NT2 ↓ Evolutionary systematics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Cladistics
  - NT3 ↓ Molecular systematics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ DNA barcoding
  - NT3 ↓ Phyletic patterns
  - NT3 ↓ Phylogenetics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Animal phylogenetics
    - NT4 ↓ Plant phylogenetics
- NT2 ↓ Evolutionary theory
- NT2 ↓ Molecular evolution ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Gene duplication
  - NT3 ↓ Genome evolution
- NT2 ↓ Organismal evolution ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Animal evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Eukaryotic evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Human evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Microbial evolution ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial evolution
    - NT4 ↓ Viral evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Plant evolution ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Plant phylogenetics
- NT2 ↓ Origin of life
- NT2 ↓ Population genetics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Effective population size
  - NT3 ↓ Gene flow
  - NT3 ↓ Gene pool
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic drift
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic polymorphism
  - NT3 ↓ Haplogroups
  - NT3 ↓ Haplotypes
  - NT3 ↓ Natural selection ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Directional selection
    - NT4 ↓ Ecological selection
    - NT4 ↓ Reproductive success ►
    - NT4 ↓ Sexual selection
    - NT4 ↓ Signatures of natural selection
    - NT4 ↓ Survival of the fittest
  - NT3 ↓ Neutral theory
  - NT3 ↓ Phylogeography
  - NT3 ↓ Ploidy
NT1 ↓ Genetics ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Animal genetics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Amphibian genetics
  - NT3 ↓ Bird genetics
  - NT3 ↓ Invertebrate genetics
  - NT3 ↓ Mammalian genetics
  - NT3 ↓ Reptile genetics
- NT2 ↓ Cancer genetics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Oncogenes
  - NT3 ↓ Proto-oncogenes
- NT2 ↓ Conservation genetics
- NT2 ↓ Cytogenetics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Cytogenetic analysis
  - NT3 ↓ Karyotypes
- NT2 ↓ Departures from diploidy ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Aneuploidy ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Monosomics
    - NT4 ↓ Trisomics
  - NT3 ↓ Polyploidy ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Hexaploidy
    - NT4 ↓ Tetraploidy
    - NT4 ↓ Triploidy
- NT2 ↓ DNA ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Ancient DNA
  - NT3 ↓ DNA amplification
  - NT3 ↓ DNA cleavage
  - NT3 ↓ DNA damage
  - NT3 ↓ DNA electrophoresis
  - NT3 ↓ DNA fragmentation
  - NT3 ↓ DNA libraries ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ cDNA libraries
    - NT4 ↓ Fosmid library
  - NT3 ↓ DNA metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ DNA modification ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ DNA methylation
  - NT3 ↓ DNA recombination ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Gene conversion
    - NT4 ↓ Homologous recombination
    - NT4 ↓ Illegitimate recombination
    - NT4 ↓ Transformation associated recombination
  - NT3 ↓ DNA repair ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Base excision repair
    - NT4 ↓ Microhomology-mediated end joining
    - NT4 ↓ Mismatch repair
    - NT4 ↓ Non-homologous end joining
    - NT4 ↓ Nucleotide excision repair ►
    - NT4 ↓ Recombinational repair
  - NT3 ↓ DNA replication
  - NT3 ↓ DNA structure ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ DNA clamps ►
    - NT4 ↓ DNA Sierpinski triangles
    - NT4 ↓ Sense strands
  - NT3 ↓ DNA synthesis
  - NT3 ↓ Forms of DNA ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chromosomal DNA
    - NT4 ↓ Circular DNA
    - NT4 ↓ Complementary DNA ►
    - NT4 ↓ Mitochondrial DNA
    - NT4 ↓ Plasmids
    - NT4 ↓ Satellite DNA
  - NT3 ↓ Non-coding DNA
  - NT3 ↓ Operons ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ lac operon
    - NT4 ↓ rRNA operons
    - NT4 ↓ trp operon
  - NT3 ↓ Promoter regions ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ TATA box
- NT2 ↓ Epigenetics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Chromatin ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chromatin modification ►
    - NT4 ↓ Euchromatin
    - NT4 ↓ Heterochromatin
    - NT4 ↓ Nucleosomes
  - NT3 ↓ DNA modification ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ DNA methylation
  - NT3 ↓ Genomic imprinting
  - NT3 ↓ RNA interference ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Morpholino
    - NT4 ↓ Plant-mediated RNA interference
    - NT4 ↓ Recursive RNA interference
    - NT4 ↓ RNA interference screens
  - NT3 ↓ X chromosome inactivation
- NT2 ↓ Exon shuffling
- NT2 ↓ Fungal genetics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Fungal genomics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Fungal genomes
- NT2 ↓ Gene amplification ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ DNA amplification
  - NT3 ↓ RNA amplification
- NT2 ↓ Gene disruption
- NT2 ↓ Gene expression ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Chromatin ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chromatin modification ►
    - NT4 ↓ Euchromatin
    - NT4 ↓ Heterochromatin
    - NT4 ↓ Nucleosomes
  - NT3 ↓ DNA modification ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ DNA methylation
  - NT3 ↓ DNA transcription
  - NT3 ↓ Gene regulation ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Dosage compensation ►
    - NT4 ↓ Elongation factors
    - NT4 ↓ Enhancer elements
    - NT4 ↓ Gene silencing
    - NT4 ↓ Locus control region
    - NT4 ↓ MicroRNAs
    - NT4 ↓ Post-transcriptional gene regulation
    - NT4 ↓ Promoter regions ►
    - NT4 ↓ Regulons
    - NT4 ↓ Silencer elements
    - NT4 ↓ Small interfering RNAs
    - NT4 ↓ Small nucleolar RNAs
    - NT4 ↓ Transcription activators
    - NT4 ↓ Transcription factors
    - NT4 ↓ Transcriptional control
    - NT4 ↓ Transcriptional termination
  - NT3 ↓ Histone modification ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Histone acetylation
  - NT3 ↓ Protein translation ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Translation initiation
    - NT4 ↓ Translation termination
  - NT3 ↓ Reverse transcription
  - NT3 ↓ RNA interference ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Morpholino
    - NT4 ↓ Plant-mediated RNA interference
    - NT4 ↓ Recursive RNA interference
    - NT4 ↓ RNA interference screens
  - NT3 ↓ RNA processing ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Alternative splicing
    - NT4 ↓ RNA splicing
  - NT3 ↓ RNA stability
  - NT3 ↓ RNA transport
  - NT3 ↓ Transactivation
  - NT3 ↓ Viral gene expression
- NT2 ↓ Gene function
- NT2 ↓ Gene fusion
- NT2 ↓ Gene identification and analysis ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic complementation
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic interactions
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic screens
  - NT3 ↓ Mutation detection
- NT2 ↓ Gene regulatory networks
- NT2 ↓ Gene transfer ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Horizontal gene transfer
- NT2 ↓ Gene types ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Chimeric genes
  - NT3 ↓ Fusion genes
  - NT3 ↓ Immediate early genes
  - NT3 ↓ Immunoglobulin genes
  - NT3 ↓ MHC class I genes
  - NT3 ↓ Microsatellite loci
  - NT3 ↓ Mutant genes
  - NT3 ↓ Pseudogenes
  - NT3 ↓ Regulator genes
  - NT3 ↓ Reporter genes
  - NT3 ↓ Structural genes
  - NT3 ↓ Suppressor genes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Tumor suppressor genes
- NT2 ↓ Genetic code
- NT2 ↓ Genetic dominance ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Dominant traits ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Autosomal dominant traits
  - NT3 ↓ Recessive traits ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Autosomal recessive traits
- NT2 ↓ Genetic elements ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Mobile genetic elements ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Plasmids
    - NT4 ↓ Transposable elements ►
- NT2 ↓ Genetic interference ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Crossover interference
  - NT3 ↓ RNA interference ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Morpholino
    - NT4 ↓ Plant-mediated RNA interference
    - NT4 ↓ Recursive RNA interference
    - NT4 ↓ RNA interference screens
- NT2 ↓ Genetic loci ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Alleles
  - NT3 ↓ Quantitative trait loci
- NT2 ↓ Genetic oscillators
- NT2 ↓ Genetics of disease ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic disorders
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic predisposition
- NT2 ↓ Genomics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Animal genomics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Amphibian genomics
    - NT4 ↓ Bird genomics
    - NT4 ↓ Fish genomics
    - NT4 ↓ Invertebrate genomics
    - NT4 ↓ Mammalian genomics
    - NT4 ↓ Reptile genomics
  - NT3 ↓ Comparative genomics
  - NT3 ↓ Epigenomics
  - NT3 ↓ Extinct genomes
  - NT3 ↓ Functional genomics
  - NT3 ↓ Fungal genomics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Fungal genomes
  - NT3 ↓ Genome analysis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Array CGH
    - NT4 ↓ Chromatin immunoprecipitation
    - NT4 ↓ Gene ontologies ►
    - NT4 ↓ Gene prediction
    - NT4 ↓ Genetic networks
    - NT4 ↓ Genome annotation
    - NT4 ↓ Genome scans
    - NT4 ↓ Genome-wide association studies ►
    - NT4 ↓ Genomic databases
    - NT4 ↓ Genomic libraries
    - NT4 ↓ Sequence assembly tools
    - NT4 ↓ Spacer regions
    - NT4 ↓ Trait locus analysis
    - NT4 ↓ Transcriptome analysis ►
  - NT3 ↓ Genome complexity ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Copy number variation
    - NT4 ↓ Duplicated genes
    - NT4 ↓ Introns
    - NT4 ↓ Non-coding RNA sequences
    - NT4 ↓ Pseudogenes
  - NT3 ↓ Genome evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Genomic medicine ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Genetic counseling
    - NT4 ↓ Genetic testing ►
    - NT4 ↓ Pharmacogenomics
  - NT3 ↓ Genomics statistics
  - NT3 ↓ Human genomics
  - NT3 ↓ Metagenomics
  - NT3 ↓ Microbial genomics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial genomics ►
    - NT4 ↓ Microbiome
    - NT4 ↓ Viral genomics ►
  - NT3 ↓ Mobile genetic elements ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Plasmids
    - NT4 ↓ Transposable elements ►
  - NT3 ↓ Physiogenomics
  - NT3 ↓ Plant genomics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Plant genomes
  - NT3 ↓ Repeated sequences ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Alu elements
    - NT4 ↓ CRISPRs
    - NT4 ↓ Interspersed repeats
    - NT4 ↓ Tandem repeats
  - NT3 ↓ Structural genomics
- NT2 ↓ Heredity ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Chromosomal inheritance
  - NT3 ↓ Complex traits
  - NT3 ↓ Epistasis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Fitness epistasis
    - NT4 ↓ Sign epistasis ►
  - NT3 ↓ Gene flow
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic determinism
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic linkage ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Sex linkage ►
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic load
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic mapping ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Linkage analysis
    - NT4 ↓ Mutant genotypes
    - NT4 ↓ Variant genotypes
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic suppression
  - NT3 ↓ Haploinsufficiency
  - NT3 ↓ Heterosis
  - NT3 ↓ Heterozygosity
  - NT3 ↓ Homozygosity
  - NT3 ↓ Hybrids (biology)
  - NT3 ↓ Inbreeding
  - NT3 ↓ Linkage disequilibrium
  - NT3 ↓ Quantitative traits
- NT2 ↓ Histocompatibility
- NT2 ↓ Human genetics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic association studies
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic counseling
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic testing ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Prenatal diagnosis ►
  - NT3 ↓ Genome-wide association studies ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Family-based association studies
    - NT4 ↓ Quantitative trait association studies
    - NT4 ↓ Statistical analysis of genetic association
  - NT3 ↓ Twins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Dizygotic twins
    - NT4 ↓ Monozygotic twins
- NT2 ↓ Microbial genetics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Bacterial genetics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial genomics ►
    - NT4 ↓ Restriction modification systems
    - NT4 ↓ Toxin-antitoxin modules
  - NT3 ↓ Viral genetics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Viral gene expression
    - NT4 ↓ Viral genes ►
- NT2 ↓ Mitochondrial genetics
- NT2 ↓ Molecular genetics
- NT2 ↓ Mutagenesis ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Mutagens
- NT2 ↓ Mutation ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Deletion mutation
  - NT3 ↓ Frameshift mutation
  - NT3 ↓ Germline mutation
  - NT3 ↓ Insertion mutation
  - NT3 ↓ Missense mutation
  - NT3 ↓ Mutant strains
  - NT3 ↓ Mutation databases
  - NT3 ↓ Mutational hypotheses
  - NT3 ↓ Nonsense mutation
  - NT3 ↓ Point mutation
  - NT3 ↓ Reverse mutation
  - NT3 ↓ Silent mutation
  - NT3 ↓ Somatic mutation
  - NT3 ↓ Substitution mutation
  - NT3 ↓ Trinucleotide repeats
- NT2 ↓ Phenotypes ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Albinism
  - NT3 ↓ Melanism
  - NT3 ↓ Quantitative traits
- NT2 ↓ Plant genetics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Crop genetics
  - NT3 ↓ Plant genomics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Plant genomes
- NT2 ↓ Population genetics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Effective population size
  - NT3 ↓ Gene flow
  - NT3 ↓ Gene pool
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic drift
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic polymorphism
  - NT3 ↓ Haplogroups
  - NT3 ↓ Haplotypes
  - NT3 ↓ Natural selection ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Directional selection
    - NT4 ↓ Ecological selection
    - NT4 ↓ Reproductive success ►
    - NT4 ↓ Sexual selection
    - NT4 ↓ Signatures of natural selection
    - NT4 ↓ Survival of the fittest
  - NT3 ↓ Neutral theory
  - NT3 ↓ Phylogeography
  - NT3 ↓ Ploidy
NT1 ↓ Immunology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Anergy
- NT2 ↓ Antigen processing and recognition
- NT2 ↓ Autoimmunity
- NT2 ↓ Class switching
- NT2 ↓ Classical immunology
- NT2 ↓ Clinical immunology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Adoptive transfer
  - NT3 ↓ Allergies ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Allergens
    - NT4 ↓ Allergic diseases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Anaphylaxis
  - NT3 ↓ Antibody therapy
  - NT3 ↓ Autoimmune diseases ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Ankylosing spondylitis
    - NT4 ↓ Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
    - NT4 ↓ Crohn's disease
    - NT4 ↓ Goodpasture's syndrome
    - NT4 ↓ Graves' disease
    - NT4 ↓ Hashimoto's disease
    - NT4 ↓ Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    - NT4 ↓ Kawasaki disease
    - NT4 ↓ Lupus erythematosus ►
    - NT4 ↓ Lupus nephritis
    - NT4 ↓ Mixed connective tissue disease
    - NT4 ↓ Multiple sclerosis
    - NT4 ↓ Myasthenia gravis
    - NT4 ↓ Myositis ►
    - NT4 ↓ Neuromyotonia
    - NT4 ↓ Pemphigus vulgaris
    - NT4 ↓ Pernicious anemia
    - NT4 ↓ Primary biliary cirrhosis
    - NT4 ↓ Psoriasis
    - NT4 ↓ Rheumatoid arthritis ►
    - NT4 ↓ Scleroderma
    - NT4 ↓ Sjogren syndrome
    - NT4 ↓ Temporal arteritis
    - NT4 ↓ Vasculitis
    - NT4 ↓ Vitiligo
    - NT4 ↓ Wegener granulomatosis
  - NT3 ↓ Disease susceptibility
  - NT3 ↓ Genetics of the immune system
  - NT3 ↓ HIV immunopathogenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Hypersensitivity
  - NT3 ↓ Immune deficiency
  - NT3 ↓ Immunomodulatory treatments
  - NT3 ↓ Immunopathology
  - NT3 ↓ Immunotherapy ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Allergy immunotherapy
    - NT4 ↓ Cancer immunotherapy
    - NT4 ↓ Helminthic therapy
  - NT3 ↓ Infectious disease immunology
  - NT3 ↓ Major histocompatibility complex
  - NT3 ↓ Neuroimmunology
  - NT3 ↓ Pulmonary immunology
  - NT3 ↓ Reproductive immunology
  - NT3 ↓ Transplantation immunology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Transplant rejection
  - NT3 ↓ Tumor immunology
- NT2 ↓ Cross reactivity
- NT2 ↓ Genetics of the immune system
- NT2 ↓ Immune cells ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Antibody-producing cells ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ B cells ►
  - NT3 ↓ Antigen-presenting cells ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Dendritic cells ►
  - NT3 ↓ Granulomas
  - NT3 ↓ White blood cells ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Alveolar macrophages
    - NT4 ↓ B cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Basophils
    - NT4 ↓ Eosinophils
    - NT4 ↓ Granulocytes
    - NT4 ↓ Hemocytes
    - NT4 ↓ Histiocytes
    - NT4 ↓ K cells
    - NT4 ↓ Kupffer cells
    - NT4 ↓ Lymphocyte proliferation
    - NT4 ↓ Lymphocytes
    - NT4 ↓ Macrophages
    - NT4 ↓ Monocytes
    - NT4 ↓ Neutropenia
    - NT4 ↓ Neutrophils
    - NT4 ↓ NK cells
    - NT4 ↓ Phagocytes
    - NT4 ↓ Plasma cells
    - NT4 ↓ T cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ T helper cells
    - NT4 ↓ Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
- NT2 ↓ Immune evasion
- NT2 ↓ Immune response ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Antibody response
  - NT3 ↓ Antiviral immune response
  - NT3 ↓ Clonal selection
  - NT3 ↓ Histamine release
  - NT3 ↓ Inflammation
  - NT3 ↓ Lymphocyte activation
  - NT3 ↓ Opsonization
  - NT3 ↓ Respiratory burst
- NT2 ↓ Immune suppression
- NT2 ↓ Immune system ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Acquired immune system
  - NT3 ↓ Bone marrow
  - NT3 ↓ Complement system ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Complement activation
    - NT4 ↓ Complement inhibitors
  - NT3 ↓ Immune complex
  - NT3 ↓ Innate immune system ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Antigen presentation
    - NT4 ↓ Cytokines ►
  - NT3 ↓ Thymus
- NT2 ↓ Immune system proteins ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Antibodies ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Antibody affinity
    - NT4 ↓ Antibody isotypes
    - NT4 ↓ Antibody specificity
    - NT4 ↓ Autoantibodies
    - NT4 ↓ Monoclonal antibodies
    - NT4 ↓ Monovalent antibodies
    - NT4 ↓ Polyvalent antibodies
  - NT3 ↓ Antigens ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Antigen isotypes
    - NT4 ↓ Antigenic variation
    - NT4 ↓ Major histocompatibility antigens
  - NT3 ↓ Complement system ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Complement activation
    - NT4 ↓ Complement inhibitors
  - NT3 ↓ Defensins
  - NT3 ↓ Immune receptors ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ B cell receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Complement receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Cytokine receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Fc receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Killer activated and killer inhibitor receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Pattern recognition receptors
    - NT4 ↓ T cell receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Toll-like receptors
  - NT3 ↓ Inflammasomes
- NT2 ↓ Immunity ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Cell-mediated immunity
  - NT3 ↓ Humoral immunity ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Humoral immune response
  - NT3 ↓ Immune activation
  - NT3 ↓ Immune privilege
  - NT3 ↓ Immune tolerance
  - NT3 ↓ Immunoregulation
  - NT3 ↓ Mucosal immunity
  - NT3 ↓ Viral immunity
- NT2 ↓ Immunochemistry
- NT2 ↓ Immunocompetence
- NT2 ↓ Immunomodulation
- NT2 ↓ Immunopathology
- NT2 ↓ Major histocompatibility complex
- NT2 ↓ Vaccination and immunization ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Antibacterial therapy
  - NT3 ↓ Antiparasitic therapy
  - NT3 ↓ Antiviral therapy ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Antiretroviral therapy ►
  - NT3 ↓ DNA vaccination
  - NT3 ↓ Immunologic adjuvants
  - NT3 ↓ Inoculation ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Intranasal inoculation
  - NT3 ↓ Nucleic acid immunization
  - NT3 ↓ Oral rabies vaccination
  - NT3 ↓ Passive immunization
  - NT3 ↓ Prophylaxis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Antibiotic prophylaxis
    - NT4 ↓ Post-exposure prophylaxis
    - NT4 ↓ Pre-exposure prophylaxis
  - NT3 ↓ Vaccine development
  - NT3 ↓ Vaccines ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Attenuated vaccines
    - NT4 ↓ Booster doses
    - NT4 ↓ Cancer vaccines
    - NT4 ↓ Cholera vaccines
    - NT4 ↓ Conjugate vaccines
    - NT4 ↓ Recombinant vaccines
    - NT4 ↓ Viral vaccines ►
NT1 ↓ Marine biology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Coastal ecology
- NT2 ↓ Coral reefs
- NT2 ↓ Corals
- NT2 ↓ Fisheries science
- NT2 ↓ Marine conservation
- NT2 ↓ Marine ecology
- NT2 ↓ Marine mammals ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Dolphins
  - NT3 ↓ Porpoises
  - NT3 ↓ Sea lions
  - NT3 ↓ Seals
  - NT3 ↓ Whales ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Beaked whales
    - NT4 ↓ Beluga whales
    - NT4 ↓ Blue whales
    - NT4 ↓ Bowhead whales
    - NT4 ↓ Gray whales
    - NT4 ↓ Humpback whales
    - NT4 ↓ Killer whales
    - NT4 ↓ Minke whales
    - NT4 ↓ Pilot whales
    - NT4 ↓ Right whales
    - NT4 ↓ Sperm whales
- NT2 ↓ Marine monitoring
- NT2 ↓ Marine ornithology
- NT2 ↓ Marine technology
- NT2 ↓ Phycology
NT1 ↓ Microbiology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Animal models of infection
- NT2 ↓ Applied microbiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Biodegradation
  - NT3 ↓ Bioremediation ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Phytoremediation
  - NT3 ↓ Industrial microbiology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Biocatalysis
    - NT4 ↓ Bioconversion
- NT2 ↓ Archaean biology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Archaeal biochemistry
  - NT3 ↓ Archaeal evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Archaeal physiology
  - NT3 ↓ Archaeal taxonomy
- NT2 ↓ Bacteriology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Bacterial biochemistry ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ SmeT
  - NT3 ↓ Bacterial biofilms
  - NT3 ↓ Bacterial evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Bacterial genetics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial genomics ►
    - NT4 ↓ Restriction modification systems
    - NT4 ↓ Toxin-antitoxin modules
  - NT3 ↓ Bacterial physiology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Adhesins
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial flagella
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial spores
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial sporulation
    - NT4 ↓ Flagellar rotation
    - NT4 ↓ Flagellin
    - NT4 ↓ Restriction modification systems
    - NT4 ↓ Secretion systems
    - NT4 ↓ Toxin-antitoxin modules
  - NT3 ↓ Bacterial taxonomy
  - NT3 ↓ Gram negative bacteria
  - NT3 ↓ Gram positive bacteria
  - NT3 ↓ Lethality (bacteriology)
  - NT3 ↓ Nanobacteria
- NT2 ↓ Medical microbiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Microbial pathogens ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial pathogens ►
    - NT4 ↓ Fungal pathogens ►
    - NT4 ↓ Viral pathogens ►
  - NT3 ↓ Microbiome
- NT2 ↓ Microbial control ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Antimicrobial resistance ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Antibiotic resistance ►
  - NT3 ↓ Antimicrobials ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Antibacterials
    - NT4 ↓ Antibiotics ►
    - NT4 ↓ Antifungals ►
    - NT4 ↓ Antivirals ►
    - NT4 ↓ Defensins
  - NT3 ↓ Microbicides
- NT2 ↓ Microbial ecology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Biofilms ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial biofilms
  - NT3 ↓ Microbiome
  - NT3 ↓ Quorum sensing
- NT2 ↓ Microbial evolution ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Bacterial evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Viral evolution
- NT2 ↓ Microbial genomics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Bacterial genomics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial genomes
  - NT3 ↓ Microbiome
  - NT3 ↓ Viral genomics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Viral genome
- NT2 ↓ Microbial mutation
- NT2 ↓ Microbial physiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Archaeal physiology
  - NT3 ↓ Bacterial physiology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Adhesins
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial flagella
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial spores
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial sporulation
    - NT4 ↓ Flagellar rotation
    - NT4 ↓ Flagellin
    - NT4 ↓ Restriction modification systems
    - NT4 ↓ Secretion systems
    - NT4 ↓ Toxin-antitoxin modules
  - NT3 ↓ Fungal physiology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Mycelial cord
  - NT3 ↓ Microbial growth and development ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial growth
    - NT4 ↓ Dictyostelium growth and development ►
    - NT4 ↓ Fungal growth
  - NT3 ↓ Microbial metabolism
- NT2 ↓ Oomycetes ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Phytophthora
- NT2 ↓ Periplasm
- NT2 ↓ Plant microbiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Agrobacteria ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Agrobacterium tumefaciens
  - NT3 ↓ Mycorrhiza
- NT2 ↓ Probiotics
- NT2 ↓ Protozoology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Kinetoplastids
  - NT3 ↓ Micronuclei
  - NT3 ↓ Protozoan life cycles ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Amastigotes
    - NT4 ↓ Epimastigotes
    - NT4 ↓ Opisthomastigote
    - NT4 ↓ Promastigotes
    - NT4 ↓ Trypomastigotes
- NT2 ↓ Virology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Antivirals ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Antiretrovirals
    - NT4 ↓ Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
  - NT3 ↓ Co-infections
  - NT3 ↓ Emerging viral diseases
  - NT3 ↓ Viral classification
  - NT3 ↓ Viral components
  - NT3 ↓ Viral disease diagnosis
  - NT3 ↓ Viral enzymes
  - NT3 ↓ Viral evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Viral genetics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Viral gene expression
    - NT4 ↓ Viral genes ►
  - NT3 ↓ Viral genomics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Viral genome
  - NT3 ↓ Viral immune evasion
  - NT3 ↓ Viral immunity
  - NT3 ↓ Viral pathogenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Viral persistence and latency
  - NT3 ↓ Viral replication ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Encapsidation
    - NT4 ↓ Immediate-early promoter
    - NT4 ↓ Internal ribosome entry site
    - NT4 ↓ Late expression factor
    - NT4 ↓ Lysogeny
    - NT4 ↓ Lytic cycle
    - NT4 ↓ Viral nucleic acid
    - NT4 ↓ Viral packaging
    - NT4 ↓ Viral replication complex
    - NT4 ↓ Virus uncoating
  - NT3 ↓ Viral structure ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Capsids
    - NT4 ↓ Nucleocapsids
    - NT4 ↓ Subviral particles
    - NT4 ↓ Tegument proteins
    - NT4 ↓ Viral core
    - NT4 ↓ Viral envelope
    - NT4 ↓ Virions
  - NT3 ↓ Viral taxonomy
  - NT3 ↓ Viral transmission and infection ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Host cells
    - NT4 ↓ Neuroinvasiveness
    - NT4 ↓ Neurovirulence
    - NT4 ↓ Viral attachment
    - NT4 ↓ Viral clearance
    - NT4 ↓ Viral entry
    - NT4 ↓ Viral load
    - NT4 ↓ Viral release
    - NT4 ↓ Viral vectors
  - NT3 ↓ Viral tropism
  - NT3 ↓ Viral vaccines ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ HIV vaccines
    - NT4 ↓ MMR vaccine
  - NT3 ↓ Virus assembly
  - NT3 ↓ Virus effects on host gene expression
  - NT3 ↓ Viruses and cancer
  - NT3 ↓ Viruslike particles
NT1 ↓ Molecular biology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Biomacromolecule-ligand interactions
- NT2 ↓ Macromolecular structure analysis ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ DNA structure ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ DNA clamps ►
    - NT4 ↓ DNA Sierpinski triangles
    - NT4 ↓ Sense strands
  - NT3 ↓ Lipid analysis
  - NT3 ↓ Macromolecular complex analysis
  - NT3 ↓ Protein structure ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Alpha helix
    - NT4 ↓ Beta helix
    - NT4 ↓ Protein cleavage
    - NT4 ↓ Protein folding
    - NT4 ↓ Protein misfolding
    - NT4 ↓ Protein structure comparison
    - NT4 ↓ Protein structure databases
    - NT4 ↓ Protein structure determination
    - NT4 ↓ Protein structure networks
    - NT4 ↓ Protein structure prediction
  - NT3 ↓ RNA structure ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Pseudoknots
    - NT4 ↓ RNA alignment
    - NT4 ↓ RNA clamps
    - NT4 ↓ RNA folding
    - NT4 ↓ RNA stem-loop structure
    - NT4 ↓ RNA structure determination
    - NT4 ↓ RNA structure prediction
- NT2 ↓ Molecular biology techniques ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Artificial gene amplification and extension ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Amplification-refractory mutation system analysis
    - NT4 ↓ Amplified fragment length polymorphism
    - NT4 ↓ Artificial DNA amplification ►
    - NT4 ↓ Polymerase chain reaction ►
    - NT4 ↓ Polymerase chain reaction-overlap extension method
    - NT4 ↓ Primer extension ►
    - NT4 ↓ Random amplified polymorphic DNA technique
    - NT4 ↓ Rapid amplification of cDNA ends
  - NT3 ↓ Artificial genetic recombination ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Artificial homologous recombination
    - NT4 ↓ Artificial site-specific recombination
    - NT4 ↓ Gene knockout
    - NT4 ↓ Gene targeting
  - NT3 ↓ Biomolecular isolation ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ DNA isolation
    - NT4 ↓ Protein isolation
    - NT4 ↓ RNA isolation
  - NT3 ↓ Cell labeling ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bromodeoxyuridine labeling
    - NT4 ↓ Chemiluminescent labeling
    - NT4 ↓ Coomassie Blue labeling
    - NT4 ↓ Enzyme conjugated antibody labeling
    - NT4 ↓ Ethidium bromide labeling
    - NT4 ↓ Immunogold labeling
    - NT4 ↓ Metabolic labeling
    - NT4 ↓ Non-isotopic labeling
    - NT4 ↓ Nucleic acid labeling ►
    - NT4 ↓ Photoaffinity labeling
    - NT4 ↓ Pulse-chase labeling
    - NT4 ↓ Radioactive antibody labeling
    - NT4 ↓ Radiolabeling
    - NT4 ↓ Random hexamer labeling
    - NT4 ↓ Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated fluoresceinated dUTP nick end labeling
  - NT3 ↓ Cloning ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Directional cloning
    - NT4 ↓ DNA cloning ►
    - NT4 ↓ Gene cloning
    - NT4 ↓ Human cloning
    - NT4 ↓ Large-insert cloning
    - NT4 ↓ Megabase cloning
    - NT4 ↓ Molecular cloning
    - NT4 ↓ Organismal cloning
    - NT4 ↓ Reproductive cloning
    - NT4 ↓ Somatic-cell nuclear transfer
    - NT4 ↓ Subcloning
    - NT4 ↓ Therapeutic cloning
    - NT4 ↓ Vector cloning ►
  - NT3 ↓ Denaturation ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Alkali denaturation technique
    - NT4 ↓ DNA denaturation ►
    - NT4 ↓ Protein denaturation ►
    - NT4 ↓ RNA denaturation ►
  - NT3 ↓ DNA barcoding
  - NT3 ↓ DNA construction ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial artificial chromosomes
    - NT4 ↓ DNA library construction ►
    - NT4 ↓ DNA manipulations ►
    - NT4 ↓ Marker selection
    - NT4 ↓ Plasmid construction
    - NT4 ↓ Vector construction
  - NT3 ↓ Enzymatic digestion techniques ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Collagenase digestion
    - NT4 ↓ Double digestion
    - NT4 ↓ Enzymatic maceration
    - NT4 ↓ Protease disruption ►
    - NT4 ↓ Restriction enzyme digestion
  - NT3 ↓ Enzyme immobilization ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Covalent binding method
    - NT4 ↓ Enzyme entrapment
    - NT4 ↓ Enzyme immobilization by electrodeposition
    - NT4 ↓ Enzyme immobilization by liquid drying
    - NT4 ↓ Enzyme immobilization by phase separation
    - NT4 ↓ Enzyme immobilization by physical adsorption ►
    - NT4 ↓ Interfacial polymerization method
    - NT4 ↓ Ionic binding method
  - NT3 ↓ Gene mapping ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chromosome mapping ►
    - NT4 ↓ Contig mapping
    - NT4 ↓ Epitope mapping
    - NT4 ↓ Exon mapping
    - NT4 ↓ Fine structure mapping
    - NT4 ↓ Heteroduplex mapping
    - NT4 ↓ Homozygosity mapping
    - NT4 ↓ Linkage mapping
    - NT4 ↓ Macrorestriction mapping
    - NT4 ↓ Nucleosome mapping
    - NT4 ↓ Nucleotide mapping
    - NT4 ↓ Physical mapping
    - NT4 ↓ Radiation hybrid mapping
    - NT4 ↓ Restriction fragment mapping ►
    - NT4 ↓ Single strand conformational polymorphism analysis
  - NT3 ↓ Gene therapy
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic fingerprinting and footprinting ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Genetic fingerprinting
    - NT4 ↓ Genetic footprinting ►
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic transformation
  - NT3 ↓ Genotyping ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Automated fluorescent genotyping
  - NT3 ↓ Karyotyping ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Flow karyotyping
  - NT3 ↓ Marker genes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Selectable markers
    - NT4 ↓ Selection markers
  - NT3 ↓ Microinjection
  - NT3 ↓ Molecular biology assays and analysis techniques ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Amino acid analysis ►
    - NT4 ↓ Bulked-segregant analysis
    - NT4 ↓ CAT assay
    - NT4 ↓ CAT enzyme assay
    - NT4 ↓ CAT gene assay
    - NT4 ↓ CAT reporter assay
    - NT4 ↓ Diepoxybutane analysis
    - NT4 ↓ DNA filter assay
    - NT4 ↓ DNase I hypersensitivity site analysis
    - NT4 ↓ DNase protection assay
    - NT4 ↓ Fluorescence-assisted mismatch analysis
    - NT4 ↓ Focus-forming assay
    - NT4 ↓ Gel retardation assay
    - NT4 ↓ Gel shift assay
    - NT4 ↓ Gene expression and vector techniques ►
    - NT4 ↓ High throughput screening
    - NT4 ↓ In situ recombinant gene expression detection
    - NT4 ↓ In vitro transcription assay
    - NT4 ↓ Isotopic assay
    - NT4 ↓ Library screening ►
    - NT4 ↓ Ligation assay
    - NT4 ↓ Molecular biology display techniques ►
    - NT4 ↓ Non-isotopic assay
    - NT4 ↓ Nuclease protection assay
    - NT4 ↓ Nucleic acid analysis ►
    - NT4 ↓ Phylogenetic analysis
    - NT4 ↓ Protein concentration assays ►
    - NT4 ↓ Protein interaction assays ►
    - NT4 ↓ Reporter gene assay
    - NT4 ↓ Ribonuclease protection assay
    - NT4 ↓ RNase protection assay
    - NT4 ↓ Scintillation proximity assay
    - NT4 ↓ Uracil interference assay
  - NT3 ↓ Molecular probe techniques ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ DNA probes
    - NT4 ↓ Electrophoretic blotting ►
    - NT4 ↓ Immunoblot analysis
    - NT4 ↓ Immunoblotting
    - NT4 ↓ Northern analysis
    - NT4 ↓ Probe hybridization ►
    - NT4 ↓ RNA probes
    - NT4 ↓ Southern analysis
  - NT3 ↓ Mutagenesis and gene deletion techniques ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chemical mutagenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Deletion mutagenesis
    - NT4 ↓ DNA mutational analysis
    - NT4 ↓ Electromagnetic field-induced mutagenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Gene deletion analysis
    - NT4 ↓ Insertional mutagenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Inverse polymerase chain reaction mutagenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Kunkel mutagenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Linker insertion mutagenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Linker-scanning mutagenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Mutational analysis
    - NT4 ↓ Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Polymerase chain reaction mutagenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Radiation-induced mutagenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Scanning cysteine mutagenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Signature tag mutagenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Site-directed mutagenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Site-specific mutagenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Transposon mutagenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Reverse genetics
  - NT3 ↓ Sequencing techniques ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Carbohydrate sequencing
    - NT4 ↓ Direct sequencing
    - NT4 ↓ DNA sequencing ►
    - NT4 ↓ Expressed sequence tags analysis
    - NT4 ↓ Genome sequencing
    - NT4 ↓ High throughput sequencing
    - NT4 ↓ Microsequencing
    - NT4 ↓ Nucleic acid sequencing
    - NT4 ↓ Nucleotide sequencing ►
    - NT4 ↓ Protein sequencing ►
    - NT4 ↓ RNA sequencing ►
    - NT4 ↓ Sequence analysis ►
    - NT4 ↓ Sequence tagged site analysis
    - NT4 ↓ Shotgun sequencing
  - NT3 ↓ Transfection ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Batch transfection method
    - NT4 ↓ Biolistics
    - NT4 ↓ Calcium phosphate transfection
    - NT4 ↓ Cotransfection
    - NT4 ↓ Liposome-mediated transfection
    - NT4 ↓ Transient gene transfection
    - NT4 ↓ Transient transfection
    - NT4 ↓ Transient transfection analysis
    - NT4 ↓ Transient transfection assay
- NT2 ↓ Molecular complexes
- NT2 ↓ Molecular genetics
- NT2 ↓ Molecular machines
- NT2 ↓ Molecular mimicry
NT1 ↓ Mycology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Antifungals ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Amphotericin
  - NT3 ↓ Nystatin
- NT2 ↓ Fungal biochemistry
- NT2 ↓ Fungal classification
- NT2 ↓ Fungal evolution
- NT2 ↓ Fungal genetics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Fungal genomics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Fungal genomes
- NT2 ↓ Fungal pathogens ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Acremonium
  - NT3 ↓ Actinomadura
  - NT3 ↓ Alternaria
  - NT3 ↓ Aspergillus flavus
  - NT3 ↓ Aspergillus fumigatus
  - NT3 ↓ Basidiobolus ranarum
  - NT3 ↓ Blastomyces dermatitidis
  - NT3 ↓ Candida albicans
  - NT3 ↓ Cladosporium carrionii
  - NT3 ↓ Coccidioides
  - NT3 ↓ Conidiobolus
  - NT3 ↓ Cryptococcus albidus
  - NT3 ↓ Cryptococcus gattii
  - NT3 ↓ Cryptococcus neoformans
  - NT3 ↓ Epidermophyton
  - NT3 ↓ Fonsecaea
  - NT3 ↓ Fusarium ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Fusarium graminearum
    - NT4 ↓ Fusarium oxysporum
  - NT3 ↓ Histoplasma capsulatum
  - NT3 ↓ Lacazia loboi
  - NT3 ↓ Madurella
  - NT3 ↓ Microsporidia
  - NT3 ↓ Mucor indicus
  - NT3 ↓ Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
  - NT3 ↓ Penicillium marneffei
  - NT3 ↓ Phialophora verrucosa
  - NT3 ↓ Piedraia
  - NT3 ↓ Pseudallescheria
  - NT3 ↓ Rhizopus oryzae
  - NT3 ↓ Sporothrix schenckii
  - NT3 ↓ Streptomyces
  - NT3 ↓ Syncephalastrum racemosum
  - NT3 ↓ Trichophyton
  - NT3 ↓ Trichosporon
- NT2 ↓ Fungal physiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Mycelial cord
- NT2 ↓ Fungal reproduction ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Fungal spore germination
  - NT3 ↓ Fungal spores
  - NT3 ↓ Fungal sporulation
- NT2 ↓ Fungal structure ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Appressoria
  - NT3 ↓ Haustoria
  - NT3 ↓ Mycelium
NT1 ↓ Neuroscience ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Behavioral neuroscience
- NT2 ↓ Brain mapping ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Brain morphometry ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Deformation-based morphometry
    - NT4 ↓ Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging
    - NT4 ↓ Diffusion tensor imaging ►
    - NT4 ↓ Diffusion weighted imaging ►
    - NT4 ↓ Surface-based morphometry
    - NT4 ↓ Voxel-based morphometry
  - NT3 ↓ Brainbow labeling
  - NT3 ↓ Connectomics
  - NT3 ↓ Deep-brain stimulation ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation
  - NT3 ↓ Electrocorticography
  - NT3 ↓ Electroencephalography ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Event-related potentials
    - NT4 ↓ Visual-evoked potentials
  - NT3 ↓ Functional magnetic resonance imaging ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Arterial spin labelling
    - NT4 ↓ Functional connectivity MRI
    - NT4 ↓ Resting state fMRI
  - NT3 ↓ Magnetoencephalography
  - NT3 ↓ Optical imaging of intrinsic signals
  - NT3 ↓ Optogenetics
  - NT3 ↓ Transcranial stimulation ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Transcranial alternating current stimulation
    - NT4 ↓ Transcranial direct-current stimulation
    - NT4 ↓ Transcranial magnetic stimulation
- NT2 ↓ Cellular neuroscience ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Axon guidance ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Axon guidance receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Chemoattractant axon guidance
    - NT4 ↓ Pioneer axons
    - NT4 ↓ Proprioceptive axon guidance
    - NT4 ↓ Synapse assembly and axon guidance
  - NT3 ↓ Neural stem cells ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Neural crest
    - NT4 ↓ Neural stem cell neurogenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Neurogenesis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Additive neurogenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Adult neurogenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Cortical neurogenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Hippocampal neurogenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Neonatal neurogenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Neural stem cell neurogenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Neuroglial development
  - NT3 ↓ Neuronal morphology
  - NT3 ↓ Neuronal plasticity
  - NT3 ↓ Synaptic plasticity
- NT2 ↓ Cognitive neuroscience ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Cognitive neurology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cognitive impairment
    - NT4 ↓ Neuropsychological testing
  - NT3 ↓ Consciousness ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Access to consciousness
    - NT4 ↓ Affective consciousness
    - NT4 ↓ Altered states of consciousness
    - NT4 ↓ Artificial consciousness
    - NT4 ↓ Self-consciousness
    - NT4 ↓ Theories of consciousness
  - NT3 ↓ Learning disabilities ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Dyslexia
  - NT3 ↓ Motor reactions ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Postural control
  - NT3 ↓ Positioning reactions
  - NT3 ↓ Reaction time
  - NT3 ↓ Working memory
- NT2 ↓ Cognitive science ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Artificial intelligence ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Artificial neural networks
    - NT4 ↓ Genetic programming
    - NT4 ↓ Machine learning ►
  - NT3 ↓ Cognition ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Animal cognition
    - NT4 ↓ Decision making ►
    - NT4 ↓ Memory ►
  - NT3 ↓ Cognitive neuroscience ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cognitive neurology ►
    - NT4 ↓ Consciousness ►
    - NT4 ↓ Learning disabilities ►
    - NT4 ↓ Motor reactions ►
    - NT4 ↓ Positioning reactions
    - NT4 ↓ Reaction time
    - NT4 ↓ Working memory
  - NT3 ↓ Cognitive psychology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Academic skills ►
    - NT4 ↓ Attention ►
    - NT4 ↓ Creativity
    - NT4 ↓ Intelligence ►
    - NT4 ↓ Language
    - NT4 ↓ Learning ►
    - NT4 ↓ Motivation
    - NT4 ↓ Music cognition ►
    - NT4 ↓ Perception ►
    - NT4 ↓ Priming (psychology)
    - NT4 ↓ Problem solving ►
    - NT4 ↓ Reasoning ►
    - NT4 ↓ Social cognition
- NT2 ↓ Computational neuroscience ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Artificial neural networks
  - NT3 ↓ Coding mechanisms
  - NT3 ↓ Single neuron function
- NT2 ↓ Developmental neuroscience ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Axon guidance ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Axon guidance receptors
    - NT4 ↓ Chemoattractant axon guidance
    - NT4 ↓ Pioneer axons
    - NT4 ↓ Proprioceptive axon guidance
    - NT4 ↓ Synapse assembly and axon guidance
  - NT3 ↓ Neural circuit formation
  - NT3 ↓ Neural stem cells ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Neural crest
    - NT4 ↓ Neural stem cell neurogenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Neurodevelopmental disorders ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ ADHD
    - NT4 ↓ Autism
    - NT4 ↓ Stuttering
  - NT3 ↓ Neurogenesis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Additive neurogenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Adult neurogenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Cortical neurogenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Hippocampal neurogenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Neonatal neurogenesis
    - NT4 ↓ Neural stem cell neurogenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Neuroglial development
  - NT3 ↓ Synaptic plasticity
- NT2 ↓ Learning and memory ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Learning ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Human learning
    - NT4 ↓ Learning curves
  - NT3 ↓ Memory ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Face recognition
    - NT4 ↓ False memories
    - NT4 ↓ Long-term memory
    - NT4 ↓ Memory consolidation
    - NT4 ↓ Mnemonics
    - NT4 ↓ Non-believed memories
    - NT4 ↓ Object recognition
    - NT4 ↓ Recall (memory)
    - NT4 ↓ Working memory
- NT2 ↓ Molecular neuroscience
- NT2 ↓ Motor system
- NT2 ↓ Neural homeostasis
- NT2 ↓ Neural networks
- NT2 ↓ Neuroanatomy ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Connectomics
  - NT3 ↓ Neural pathways
  - NT3 ↓ Neurovasculature
  - NT3 ↓ Pituitary gland
  - NT3 ↓ Spinal cord
- NT2 ↓ Neuroanthropology
- NT2 ↓ Neurochemistry ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Neurochemicals ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Dopaminergics
    - NT4 ↓ Eicosanoids
    - NT4 ↓ Endocannabinoids
    - NT4 ↓ Levodopa
    - NT4 ↓ Nerve growth factor
    - NT4 ↓ Neuropeptides
    - NT4 ↓ Nitric oxide
    - NT4 ↓ Opiates
    - NT4 ↓ Oxytocin
  - NT3 ↓ Neuroendocrinology
  - NT3 ↓ Neuromodulation
  - NT3 ↓ Neurotransmitters ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Acetylcholine
    - NT4 ↓ Biogenic amines ►
    - NT4 ↓ Cholinergics
    - NT4 ↓ Gamma-aminobutyric acid
    - NT4 ↓ Glutamate
- NT2 ↓ Neuroeconomics
- NT2 ↓ Neuroethology
- NT2 ↓ Neuroimaging ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Brain morphometry ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Deformation-based morphometry
    - NT4 ↓ Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging
    - NT4 ↓ Diffusion tensor imaging ►
    - NT4 ↓ Diffusion weighted imaging ►
    - NT4 ↓ Surface-based morphometry
    - NT4 ↓ Voxel-based morphometry
  - NT3 ↓ Brainbow labeling
  - NT3 ↓ Calcium imaging
  - NT3 ↓ Computed axial tomography ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Micro-computed tomography
  - NT3 ↓ Electrocorticography
  - NT3 ↓ Electroencephalography ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Event-related potentials
    - NT4 ↓ Visual-evoked potentials
  - NT3 ↓ Functional magnetic resonance imaging ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Arterial spin labelling
    - NT4 ↓ Functional connectivity MRI
    - NT4 ↓ Resting state fMRI
  - NT3 ↓ Magnetoencephalography
  - NT3 ↓ Optical imaging of intrinsic signals
  - NT3 ↓ Positron emission tomography
  - NT3 ↓ Single photon emission computed tomography
- NT2 ↓ Neurolinguistics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Lexical decision tasks
  - NT3 ↓ Mismatch negativity
  - NT3 ↓ Sentence processing
- NT2 ↓ Neuronal tuning
- NT2 ↓ Neurophysiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Action potentials
  - NT3 ↓ Brain electrophysiology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Deep-brain stimulation ►
    - NT4 ↓ Electroencephalography ►
    - NT4 ↓ Transcranial stimulation ►
  - NT3 ↓ Evoked potentials ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Motor evoked potentials
  - NT3 ↓ Ion channels ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Calcium channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Ion channel gating
    - NT4 ↓ Ligand-gated ion channels
    - NT4 ↓ Light-gated ion channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Mechanosensitive ion channels
    - NT4 ↓ Non-selective cation channels
    - NT4 ↓ Potassium channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Proton channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Sodium channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Transient receptor potential channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Two-pore ion channels
    - NT4 ↓ Voltage-gated ion channels ►
  - NT3 ↓ Long-term potentiation
  - NT3 ↓ Synapses ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Electrical synapses
    - NT4 ↓ Gap junctions
    - NT4 ↓ Neuromuscular junctions
    - NT4 ↓ Post-synaptic membranes
    - NT4 ↓ Pre-synaptic membranes
    - NT4 ↓ Synaptic vesicles
    - NT4 ↓ Synaptosomes
- NT2 ↓ Neuropsychology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Neuropsychological testing
- NT2 ↓ Neurotransmission
- NT2 ↓ Paleoneurology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Hominid paleoneurology
- NT2 ↓ Reflexes
- NT2 ↓ Sensory perception ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Hallucinations
  - NT3 ↓ Hearing ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Pitch perception
  - NT3 ↓ Music perception
  - NT3 ↓ Nociception
  - NT3 ↓ Parapsychology
  - NT3 ↓ Proprioception
  - NT3 ↓ Pruritus
  - NT3 ↓ Psychophysics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Psychoacoustics
  - NT3 ↓ Sensory cues
  - NT3 ↓ Sensory deprivation
  - NT3 ↓ Sensory receptors ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Mechanoreceptors
    - NT4 ↓ Nociceptors
    - NT4 ↓ Taste buds
  - NT3 ↓ Smell
  - NT3 ↓ Touch
  - NT3 ↓ Vision ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Binocular vision
    - NT4 ↓ Color vision
    - NT4 ↓ Monocular vision
    - NT4 ↓ Phototransduction
    - NT4 ↓ Visual acuity
    - NT4 ↓ Visual pathways
    - NT4 ↓ Visual signals
- NT2 ↓ Sensory systems ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Auditory system ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Auditory cortex
    - NT4 ↓ Auditory pathway
    - NT4 ↓ Echolocation
  - NT3 ↓ Gustatory system
  - NT3 ↓ Olfactory system
  - NT3 ↓ Somatosensory system ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Pain sensation
    - NT4 ↓ Tactile sensation
    - NT4 ↓ Thermoception
  - NT3 ↓ Visual system ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Eye movements
NT1 ↓ Nutrition ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Diet ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Alcohol consumption
  - NT3 ↓ Beverages ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Alcoholic beverages ►
    - NT4 ↓ Coffee
    - NT4 ↓ Tea
  - NT3 ↓ Food ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bread
    - NT4 ↓ Cheeses
    - NT4 ↓ Chocolate
    - NT4 ↓ Flour
    - NT4 ↓ Honey
    - NT4 ↓ Meat ►
- NT2 ↓ Malnutrition ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Starvation
- NT2 ↓ Nutrients ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Vitamins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ B vitamins ►
    - NT4 ↓ Vitamin A
    - NT4 ↓ Vitamin C
    - NT4 ↓ Vitamin D
    - NT4 ↓ Vitamin E
- NT2 ↓ Nutritional deficiencies ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Iron deficiency
  - NT3 ↓ Micronutrient deficiencies
  - NT3 ↓ Vitamin D deficiency
- NT2 ↓ Nutritional diseases
- NT2 ↓ Nutritional disorders ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
NT1 ↓ Organisms ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Animals ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Acorn worms
  - NT3 ↓ Amphioxus
  - NT3 ↓ Invertebrates ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Annelids ►
    - NT4 ↓ Arthropoda ►
    - NT4 ↓ Cnidaria ►
    - NT4 ↓ Echinoderms ►
    - NT4 ↓ Flatworms ►
    - NT4 ↓ Helminths ►
    - NT4 ↓ Molluscs ►
    - NT4 ↓ Nematoda ►
    - NT4 ↓ Placozoa ►
    - NT4 ↓ Plankton ►
    - NT4 ↓ Sponges
  - NT3 ↓ Prehistoric animals ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Acanthodii
    - NT4 ↓ Dinosaurs
    - NT4 ↓ Ostracodermi
    - NT4 ↓ Placodermi
  - NT3 ↓ Sea squirts ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Ciona intestinalis
  - NT3 ↓ Vertebrates ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Amphibians ►
    - NT4 ↓ Birds ►
    - NT4 ↓ Fishes ►
    - NT4 ↓ Mammals ►
    - NT4 ↓ Reptiles ►
- NT2 ↓ Archaeans ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Methanogens ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Methanococcus
  - NT3 ↓ Pyrococcus
  - NT3 ↓ Sulfolobus
- NT2 ↓ Bacteria ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Acinetobacter ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Acinetobacter baumannii
  - NT3 ↓ Actinobacteria ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
    - NT4 ↓ Arthrobacter
    - NT4 ↓ Mycobacteria
    - NT4 ↓ Mycobacterium avium complex
    - NT4 ↓ Mycobacterium bovis
    - NT4 ↓ Mycobacterium leprae
    - NT4 ↓ Mycobacterium lepromatosis
    - NT4 ↓ Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    - NT4 ↓ Mycobacterium ulcerans
    - NT4 ↓ Nontuberculous mycobacteria
    - NT4 ↓ Rhodococcus
    - NT4 ↓ Rhodococcus equi
  - NT3 ↓ Actinomyces
  - NT3 ↓ Aeromonas ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Aeromonas hydrophila
  - NT3 ↓ Agrobacteria ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Agrobacterium tumefaciens
  - NT3 ↓ Anabaena
  - NT3 ↓ Anaerobic bacteria
  - NT3 ↓ Bacillus ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bacillus anthracis
    - NT4 ↓ Bacillus cereus
    - NT4 ↓ Bacillus subtilis
    - NT4 ↓ Bacillus thuringiensis
  - NT3 ↓ Bartonella
  - NT3 ↓ Bdellovibrio
  - NT3 ↓ Bordetella ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bordetella pertussis
  - NT3 ↓ Borrelia ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Borrelia bergdorferi
  - NT3 ↓ Bradyrhizobium
  - NT3 ↓ Brucella
  - NT3 ↓ Burkholderia ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Burkholderia cenocepacia
    - NT4 ↓ Burkholderia cepacia complex
    - NT4 ↓ Burkholderia mallei
    - NT4 ↓ Burkholderia pseudomallei
  - NT3 ↓ Campylobacter ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Campylobacter jejuni
  - NT3 ↓ Caulobacter ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Caulobacter crescentus
  - NT3 ↓ Chlamydia ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chlamydia trachomatis
  - NT3 ↓ Corynebacteria ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Corynebacterium diptheriae
  - NT3 ↓ Cyanobacteria ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Nostoc
    - NT4 ↓ Synechococcus
    - NT4 ↓ Synechocystis
  - NT3 ↓ Enteric bacteria
  - NT3 ↓ Enterobacter
  - NT3 ↓ Enterobacteriaceae ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Erwinia
    - NT4 ↓ Escherichia ►
    - NT4 ↓ Salmonella ►
    - NT4 ↓ Serratia ►
  - NT3 ↓ Enterococcus ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Enterococcus faecalis
  - NT3 ↓ Francisella ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Francisella tularensis
  - NT3 ↓ Gut bacteria ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bacteroides
    - NT4 ↓ Bifidobacterium
    - NT4 ↓ Clostridium
    - NT4 ↓ Clostridium botulinum
    - NT4 ↓ Clostridium difficile
    - NT4 ↓ Clostridium perfringens
    - NT4 ↓ Clostridium tetani
    - NT4 ↓ Escherichia ►
    - NT4 ↓ Eubacterium
    - NT4 ↓ Fusobacteria ►
    - NT4 ↓ Lactobacillus
    - NT4 ↓ Peptococcus
    - NT4 ↓ Peptostreptococcus
    - NT4 ↓ Ruminococcus
  - NT3 ↓ Haemophilus ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Haemophilus aegyptius
    - NT4 ↓ Haemophilus influenzae
  - NT3 ↓ Halobacterium
  - NT3 ↓ Helicobacter ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Helicobacter pylori
  - NT3 ↓ Klebsiella ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Klebsiella granulomatis
    - NT4 ↓ Klebsiella oxytoca
    - NT4 ↓ Klebsiella pneumoniae
    - NT4 ↓ Klebsiella terrigena
  - NT3 ↓ Lactic acid bacteria
  - NT3 ↓ Lactococcus ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Lactococcus garvieae
    - NT4 ↓ Lactococcus lactis
  - NT3 ↓ Legionella ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Legionella pneumophila
  - NT3 ↓ Leptospira ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Leptospira interrogans
  - NT3 ↓ Leptospirillum
  - NT3 ↓ Listeria
  - NT3 ↓ Marine bacteria
  - NT3 ↓ Methylobacterium
  - NT3 ↓ Mollicutes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Spiroplasma
  - NT3 ↓ Mycoplasma ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Mycoplasma mycoides
    - NT4 ↓ Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  - NT3 ↓ Myxococcus ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Myxococcus xanthus
  - NT3 ↓ Neisseria ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    - NT4 ↓ Neisseria meningitidis
  - NT3 ↓ Nocardia
  - NT3 ↓ Prevotella ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Prevotella intermedia
  - NT3 ↓ Pseudomonas ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    - NT4 ↓ Pseudomonas fluorescens
    - NT4 ↓ Pseudomonas putida
    - NT4 ↓ Pseudomonas syringae
  - NT3 ↓ Pseudonocardia
  - NT3 ↓ Rhizobium
  - NT3 ↓ Rickettsia ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Rickettsia prowazekii
    - NT4 ↓ Rickettsia rickettsii
  - NT3 ↓ Rickettsiales ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Anaplasma
    - NT4 ↓ Ehrlichia
  - NT3 ↓ Shigella ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Shigella flexneri
  - NT3 ↓ Sphingomonas
  - NT3 ↓ Spirochetes
  - NT3 ↓ Staphylococcus ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Staphylococcus aureus ►
    - NT4 ↓ Staphylococcus epidermidis
    - NT4 ↓ Staphylococcus haemolyticus
    - NT4 ↓ Staphylococcus saprophyticus
  - NT3 ↓ Streptococcus ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Group A streptococci
    - NT4 ↓ Group B streptococci
    - NT4 ↓ Group C streptococci
    - NT4 ↓ Group D streptococci
    - NT4 ↓ Group F streptococci
    - NT4 ↓ Group G streptococci
    - NT4 ↓ Pneumococcus
    - NT4 ↓ Streptococcus agalactiae
    - NT4 ↓ Streptococcus anginosus
    - NT4 ↓ Streptococcus equi
    - NT4 ↓ Streptococcus mutans
    - NT4 ↓ Streptococcus pyogenes
  - NT3 ↓ Thermoanaerobacter
  - NT3 ↓ Thermotoga
  - NT3 ↓ Thermus ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Thermus thermophilus
  - NT3 ↓ Vibrio ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Vibrio cholerae
    - NT4 ↓ Vibrio vulnificus
  - NT3 ↓ Wolbachia
  - NT3 ↓ Xanthomonas ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Xanthomonas campestris
  - NT3 ↓ Yersinia ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Yersinia enterocolitica
    - NT4 ↓ Yersinia pestis
    - NT4 ↓ Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
- NT2 ↓ Fungi ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Ascomycetes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Kluyveromyces lactis
    - NT4 ↓ Verticillium
  - NT3 ↓ Basidiomycetes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Ustilago maydis
  - NT3 ↓ Cryptococcus ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cryptococcus albidus
    - NT4 ↓ Cryptococcus gattii
    - NT4 ↓ Cryptococcus neoformans
  - NT3 ↓ Geoglossomycetes
  - NT3 ↓ Metarhizium
  - NT3 ↓ Molds (fungi) ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Aspergillus ►
  - NT3 ↓ Neurospora ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Neurospora crassa
  - NT3 ↓ Oomycetes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Phytophthora
  - NT3 ↓ Paracoccidioides
  - NT3 ↓ Rice blast fungus
  - NT3 ↓ Yeast ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Candida ►
    - NT4 ↓ Pichia pastoris
    - NT4 ↓ Saccharomyces ►
    - NT4 ↓ Schizosaccharomyces ►
  - NT3 ↓ Zygomycetes
- NT2 ↓ Plants ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Algae ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
    - NT4 ↓ Phytoplankton ►
  - NT3 ↓ Brassica ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Arabidopsis thaliana
    - NT4 ↓ Broccoli
    - NT4 ↓ Cauliflower
    - NT4 ↓ Radish
  - NT3 ↓ Carnivorous plants
  - NT3 ↓ Cuscuta
  - NT3 ↓ Ferns
  - NT3 ↓ Ficus
  - NT3 ↓ Flowering plants ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Acacia
    - NT4 ↓ Buckwheat
    - NT4 ↓ Carrots
    - NT4 ↓ Gentian
    - NT4 ↓ Grapevine
    - NT4 ↓ Hops
    - NT4 ↓ Khat
    - NT4 ↓ Lettuce
    - NT4 ↓ Lily
    - NT4 ↓ Lotus
    - NT4 ↓ Medicago ►
    - NT4 ↓ Nicotiana
    - NT4 ↓ Onions
    - NT4 ↓ Pentas
    - NT4 ↓ Pollination
    - NT4 ↓ Quinoa
    - NT4 ↓ Rapeseed
    - NT4 ↓ Ricinus
    - NT4 ↓ Roses
    - NT4 ↓ Silene
    - NT4 ↓ Snapdragons ►
    - NT4 ↓ Spinach
    - NT4 ↓ Sunflower
    - NT4 ↓ Sweet potato
    - NT4 ↓ Vanilla
  - NT3 ↓ Fruits ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Apples
    - NT4 ↓ Bananas
    - NT4 ↓ Berries
    - NT4 ↓ Blueberries
    - NT4 ↓ Cherries
    - NT4 ↓ Citrus
    - NT4 ↓ Figs
    - NT4 ↓ Grapes
    - NT4 ↓ Lemons
    - NT4 ↓ Melons
    - NT4 ↓ Olives
    - NT4 ↓ Oranges
    - NT4 ↓ Papayas
    - NT4 ↓ Peaches
    - NT4 ↓ Pears
    - NT4 ↓ Plums
    - NT4 ↓ Tomatoes
  - NT3 ↓ Garlic
  - NT3 ↓ Genetically modified plants ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Genetically modified crops
  - NT3 ↓ Grasses ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bamboo
    - NT4 ↓ Barley
    - NT4 ↓ Fonio
    - NT4 ↓ Maize
    - NT4 ↓ Millet
    - NT4 ↓ Oat
    - NT4 ↓ Oryza
    - NT4 ↓ Rice
    - NT4 ↓ Rye
    - NT4 ↓ Ryegrass
    - NT4 ↓ Setaria
    - NT4 ↓ Sorghum
    - NT4 ↓ Wheat ►
    - NT4 ↓ Zea
  - NT3 ↓ Gymnosperms
  - NT3 ↓ Herbs
  - NT3 ↓ Legumes ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Astragalus
    - NT4 ↓ Beans
    - NT4 ↓ Fabaceae ►
    - NT4 ↓ Lima beans
    - NT4 ↓ Lupinus
    - NT4 ↓ Peanut
    - NT4 ↓ Peas
  - NT3 ↓ Medicinal plants
  - NT3 ↓ Nonvascular plants ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Mosses
  - NT3 ↓ Oil palm
  - NT3 ↓ Poaceae
  - NT3 ↓ Pteridophytes
  - NT3 ↓ Seaweed
  - NT3 ↓ Seedlings
  - NT3 ↓ Shrubs ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cassava
  - NT3 ↓ Solanum ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Potato
  - NT3 ↓ Trees ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Beeches
    - NT4 ↓ Birches
    - NT4 ↓ Cedars
    - NT4 ↓ Chestnuts
    - NT4 ↓ Conifers
    - NT4 ↓ Elms
    - NT4 ↓ Lemon trees
    - NT4 ↓ Oaks
    - NT4 ↓ Olive trees
    - NT4 ↓ Papaya trees
    - NT4 ↓ Peach trees
    - NT4 ↓ Pear trees
    - NT4 ↓ Pecans
    - NT4 ↓ Pines
    - NT4 ↓ Poplars
    - NT4 ↓ Spruces
  - NT3 ↓ Vascular plants
  - NT3 ↓ Vegetables ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Broccoli
    - NT4 ↓ Carrots
    - NT4 ↓ Cauliflower
    - NT4 ↓ Cucumber
    - NT4 ↓ Lettuce
    - NT4 ↓ Onions
    - NT4 ↓ Potato
    - NT4 ↓ Radish
    - NT4 ↓ Spinach
    - NT4 ↓ Sweet potato
  - NT3 ↓ Vines ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cucumber
  - NT3 ↓ Weeds
- NT2 ↓ Protists ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Dinoflagellates
  - NT3 ↓ Slime molds ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Dictyosteliomycota ►
    - NT4 ↓ Myxomycota
    - NT4 ↓ Plasmodiophoromycota
  - NT3 ↓ Trichomonas ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Trichomonas vaginalis
- NT2 ↓ Protozoans ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Amoebas
  - NT3 ↓ Ciliate protozoans ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Paramecium
    - NT4 ↓ Tetrahymena ►
  - NT3 ↓ Cryptosporidium ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cryptosporidium parvum
  - NT3 ↓ Haemoproteus
  - NT3 ↓ Parasitic protozoans ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Acanthamoeba
    - NT4 ↓ Babesia
    - NT4 ↓ Balamuthia
    - NT4 ↓ Balantidium coli
    - NT4 ↓ Blastocystis
    - NT4 ↓ Cryptosporidium ►
    - NT4 ↓ Cyclospora
    - NT4 ↓ Dientamoeba fragilis
    - NT4 ↓ Eimeria ►
    - NT4 ↓ Entamoeba histolytica
    - NT4 ↓ Giardia ►
    - NT4 ↓ Isospora
    - NT4 ↓ Leishmania ►
    - NT4 ↓ Malarial parasites ►
    - NT4 ↓ Naegleria fowleri
    - NT4 ↓ Prototheca
    - NT4 ↓ Rhinosporidium seeberi
    - NT4 ↓ Sappinia
    - NT4 ↓ Toxoplasma ►
    - NT4 ↓ Trypanosoma ►
- NT2 ↓ Rotifers
- NT2 ↓ Viruses ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Arboviruses
  - NT3 ↓ Bacteriophages ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Caudovirales
    - NT4 ↓ Ligamenvirales
  - NT3 ↓ DNA viruses ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Adenoviruses
    - NT4 ↓ Anelloviruses
    - NT4 ↓ Baculoviruses
    - NT4 ↓ dsDNA viruses
    - NT4 ↓ Geminiviruses
    - NT4 ↓ Hepadnaviruses
    - NT4 ↓ Herpesviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Papillomaviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Parvoviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Polyomaviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Poxviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ ssDNA viruses
  - NT3 ↓ Hemorrhagic fever viruses ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus
    - NT4 ↓ Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
    - NT4 ↓ Ebola virus
  - NT3 ↓ Immunodeficiency viruses ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ FIV
    - NT4 ↓ HIV ►
    - NT4 ↓ SIV
  - NT3 ↓ RNA viruses ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Ambisense RNA viruses
    - NT4 ↓ Arenaviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Arteriviruses
    - NT4 ↓ Astroviruses
    - NT4 ↓ Bornaviruses
    - NT4 ↓ Bunyaviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Caliciviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Coronaviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ dsRNA viruses
    - NT4 ↓ Enteroviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Filoviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Flaviviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Lyssavirus ►
    - NT4 ↓ Mononegavirales
    - NT4 ↓ Negative-sense RNA viruses
    - NT4 ↓ Nidovirales
    - NT4 ↓ Orthomyxoviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Paramyxoviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Picornavirales
    - NT4 ↓ Picornaviruses
    - NT4 ↓ Positive-sense RNA viruses
    - NT4 ↓ Potyvirus
    - NT4 ↓ Reoviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Retroviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Rhabdoviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ ssRNA viruses
    - NT4 ↓ Tobamoviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Togaviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Tymovirales
  - NT3 ↓ Satellite viruses
  - NT3 ↓ Viral pathogens ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Adenoviruses
    - NT4 ↓ Arenaviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Astroviruses
    - NT4 ↓ Bunyaviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Caliciviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Coronaviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Enteroviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Flaviviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Hemorrhagic fever viruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Hepatitis viruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Herpesviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Immunodeficiency viruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Lyssavirus ►
    - NT4 ↓ Orthomyxoviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Papillomaviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Paramyxoviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Parvoviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Polyomaviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Poxviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Reoviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Retroviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Tobamoviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Togaviruses ►
    - NT4 ↓ Vesicular stomatitis virus
  - NT3 ↓ Viroids
NT1 ↓ Paleontology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Biostratigraphy ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Index fossils
- NT2 ↓ Fossilization ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Permineralization ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Carbonate mineralization
    - NT4 ↓ Pyritization
    - NT4 ↓ Silicification
  - NT3 ↓ Petrifaction
- NT2 ↓ Fossils ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Coal balls
  - NT3 ↓ Derived fossils
  - NT3 ↓ Fossil calibration
  - NT3 ↓ Fossil record
  - NT3 ↓ Fossil wood ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Mummified wood
    - NT4 ↓ Petrified wood
    - NT4 ↓ Submerged forests
  - NT3 ↓ Index fossils
  - NT3 ↓ Marine fossils
  - NT3 ↓ Microfossils
  - NT3 ↓ Paleosols
  - NT3 ↓ Plant fossils ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Authigenic mineralizations
    - NT4 ↓ Fusain
    - NT4 ↓ Petrifactions
  - NT3 ↓ Trace fossils
  - NT3 ↓ Transitional fossils
- NT2 ↓ Paleoanthropology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Lithic technology
- NT2 ↓ Paleobiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Ichnology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Trace fossils
  - NT3 ↓ Micropaleontology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Microfossils
  - NT3 ↓ Paleobotany
  - NT3 ↓ Paleoecology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Dendrochronology
  - NT3 ↓ Paleoimmunology
  - NT3 ↓ Paleozoology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Invertebrate paleontology
    - NT4 ↓ Vertebrate paleontology
  - NT3 ↓ Sclerochronology
  - NT3 ↓ Taphonomy
- NT2 ↓ Paleobotany
- NT2 ↓ Paleoclimatology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Dendroclimatology
  - NT3 ↓ Paleotemperature
- NT2 ↓ Paleogenetics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Ancient DNA
- NT2 ↓ Paleogeography ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Prehistoric supercontinents ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Columbian supercontinent
    - NT4 ↓ Euramerica
    - NT4 ↓ Gondwana
    - NT4 ↓ Kenorland
    - NT4 ↓ Laurasia
    - NT4 ↓ Nena
    - NT4 ↓ Oldredia
    - NT4 ↓ Pangaea
    - NT4 ↓ Pannotia
    - NT4 ↓ Rodinia
    - NT4 ↓ Ur
    - NT4 ↓ Vaalbara
  - NT3 ↓ Settlement patterns
- NT2 ↓ Paleolimnology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Paleoenvironments
- NT2 ↓ Paleoneurology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Hominid paleoneurology
- NT2 ↓ Paleooceanography
- NT2 ↓ Paleopedology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Paleosols
- NT2 ↓ Paleotempestology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Paleotsunamis
- NT2 ↓ Paleoxylology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Fossil wood ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Mummified wood
    - NT4 ↓ Petrified wood
    - NT4 ↓ Submerged forests
- NT2 ↓ Palynology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Melissopalynology
  - NT3 ↓ Palynofacies
  - NT3 ↓ Palynomorphs ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chitinozoans
    - NT4 ↓ Dinocysts
    - NT4 ↓ Orbicules
    - NT4 ↓ Scolecodonts
- NT2 ↓ Prehistoric animals ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Acanthodii
  - NT3 ↓ Dinosaurs
  - NT3 ↓ Ostracodermi
  - NT3 ↓ Placodermi
NT1 ↓ Parasitology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Ectoparasites
- NT2 ↓ Intestinal parasites
- NT2 ↓ Parasite evolution
- NT2 ↓ Parasite groups ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Apicomplexa ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Babesia
    - NT4 ↓ Merozoites
    - NT4 ↓ Oocysts
    - NT4 ↓ Plasmodium
    - NT4 ↓ Sporozoites
    - NT4 ↓ Tachyzoites
    - NT4 ↓ Theileria
    - NT4 ↓ Trophozoites
- NT2 ↓ Parasite physiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Parasitophorous vacuole
- NT2 ↓ Parasite replication
- NT2 ↓ Parasitic life cycles ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Cercarias
  - NT3 ↓ Parasitic cell cycles
  - NT3 ↓ Sporocysts
- NT2 ↓ Quantitative parasitology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Parasitemia
- NT2 ↓ Veterinary parasitology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Parasite evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Parasite physiology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Parasitophorous vacuole
  - NT3 ↓ Quantitative parasitology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Parasitemia
NT1 ↓ Physical anthropology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Anthropometry ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Cephalometry
- NT2 ↓ Paleoanthropology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Lithic technology
NT1 ↓ Physiology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Biological locomotion ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Bipedalism
  - NT3 ↓ Burrowing
  - NT3 ↓ Climbing
  - NT3 ↓ Crawling
  - NT3 ↓ Flagellar rotation
  - NT3 ↓ Flight (biology) ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bat flight
    - NT4 ↓ Bird flight
    - NT4 ↓ Flight speeds
    - NT4 ↓ Insect flight
  - NT3 ↓ Gait analysis
  - NT3 ↓ Jumping
  - NT3 ↓ Locomotion on the water surface
  - NT3 ↓ Running
  - NT3 ↓ Swimming
  - NT3 ↓ Walking
- NT2 ↓ Body fluids ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Amniotic fluid
  - NT3 ↓ Bile ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bilirubin
  - NT3 ↓ Blood ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Alkali denaturation technique
    - NT4 ↓ Blood counts ►
    - NT4 ↓ Blood flow
    - NT4 ↓ Blood groups
    - NT4 ↓ Blood plasma
    - NT4 ↓ Blood serum ►
    - NT4 ↓ Blood sugar
    - NT4 ↓ Blood volume
    - NT4 ↓ Plasma volume
    - NT4 ↓ Platelets
  - NT3 ↓ Cerebrospinal fluid
  - NT3 ↓ Fluid physiology
  - NT3 ↓ Follicular fluid
  - NT3 ↓ Gastric mucosa
  - NT3 ↓ Interstitial fluid
  - NT3 ↓ Lymph
  - NT3 ↓ Milk ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Breast milk
  - NT3 ↓ Mucus ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Sputum
  - NT3 ↓ Nasal mucosa
  - NT3 ↓ Saliva
  - NT3 ↓ Semen
  - NT3 ↓ Sweat
  - NT3 ↓ Synovial fluid
  - NT3 ↓ Urine
- NT2 ↓ Cardiovascular physiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Angiogenesis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Intussusception
    - NT4 ↓ Tumor angiogenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Blood circulation ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Microcirculation
  - NT3 ↓ Vasculogenesis
- NT2 ↓ Digestive physiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Dentition ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Tooth eruption
  - NT3 ↓ Digestive functions
  - NT3 ↓ Digestive regulation
  - NT3 ↓ Drug excretion
- NT2 ↓ Electrophysiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Electrophysiological properties
  - NT3 ↓ Ion channels ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Calcium channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Ion channel gating
    - NT4 ↓ Ligand-gated ion channels
    - NT4 ↓ Light-gated ion channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Mechanosensitive ion channels
    - NT4 ↓ Non-selective cation channels
    - NT4 ↓ Potassium channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Proton channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Sodium channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Transient receptor potential channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Two-pore ion channels
    - NT4 ↓ Voltage-gated ion channels ►
  - NT3 ↓ Membrane potential ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Action potentials
    - NT4 ↓ Depolarization
    - NT4 ↓ Evoked potentials ►
    - NT4 ↓ Excitatory postsynaptic potentials
    - NT4 ↓ Hyperpolarization
    - NT4 ↓ Postsynaptic potentials
    - NT4 ↓ Receptor potentials
    - NT4 ↓ Synaptic potential
  - NT3 ↓ Neurophysiology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Action potentials
    - NT4 ↓ Brain electrophysiology ►
    - NT4 ↓ Evoked potentials ►
    - NT4 ↓ Ion channels ►
    - NT4 ↓ Long-term potentiation
    - NT4 ↓ Synapses ►
- NT2 ↓ Endocrine physiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Adrenarche
  - NT3 ↓ Autocrine mechanisms
  - NT3 ↓ Autocrine signaling
  - NT3 ↓ Endocrine signaling
  - NT3 ↓ Endocrine-related substances
  - NT3 ↓ Growth factors ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Epidermal growth factor
    - NT4 ↓ Fibroblast growth factor
    - NT4 ↓ Insulin-like growth factors
    - NT4 ↓ Nerve growth factor
    - NT4 ↓ Placental growth factor
  - NT3 ↓ Hormone synthesis
  - NT3 ↓ Hormone transport
  - NT3 ↓ Insulin resistance
  - NT3 ↓ Insulin secretion
  - NT3 ↓ Insulin signaling
  - NT3 ↓ Insulin tolerance
  - NT3 ↓ Intracrine signaling
  - NT3 ↓ Juxtacrine signaling
  - NT3 ↓ Lactation
  - NT3 ↓ Menopause
  - NT3 ↓ Menstrual cycle ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Menarche
    - NT4 ↓ Ovulation
  - NT3 ↓ Neuroendocrinology
  - NT3 ↓ Paracrine mechanisms
  - NT3 ↓ Paracrine signaling
  - NT3 ↓ Puberty
  - NT3 ↓ Reproductive endocrinology
- NT2 ↓ Hematopoietic system
- NT2 ↓ Immune physiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Antibodies ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Antibody affinity
    - NT4 ↓ Antibody isotypes
    - NT4 ↓ Antibody specificity
    - NT4 ↓ Autoantibodies
    - NT4 ↓ Monoclonal antibodies
    - NT4 ↓ Monovalent antibodies
    - NT4 ↓ Polyvalent antibodies
  - NT3 ↓ Antigens ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Antigen isotypes
    - NT4 ↓ Antigenic variation
    - NT4 ↓ Major histocompatibility antigens
  - NT3 ↓ Bone marrow
  - NT3 ↓ Cell surface molecules
  - NT3 ↓ Complement system ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Complement activation
    - NT4 ↓ Complement inhibitors
  - NT3 ↓ Cytokines ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Interleukins
  - NT3 ↓ Spleen
- NT2 ↓ Muscle physiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Muscle biochemistry
  - NT3 ↓ Muscle contraction
  - NT3 ↓ Muscle functions
  - NT3 ↓ Musculoskeletal mechanics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Musculoskeletal exertion
- NT2 ↓ Nervous system physiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Neural homeostasis
- NT2 ↓ Physiogenomics
- NT2 ↓ Physiological parameters ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Body height
  - NT3 ↓ Body temperature ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Skin temperature
  - NT3 ↓ Body weight ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Birth weight
    - NT4 ↓ Body mass index
    - NT4 ↓ Obesity ►
    - NT4 ↓ Weight gain
    - NT4 ↓ Weight loss
- NT2 ↓ Physiological processes ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Aestivation
  - NT3 ↓ Aging ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Senescence
  - NT3 ↓ Biomineralization
  - NT3 ↓ Bone remodeling ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bone resorption
    - NT4 ↓ Ossification
  - NT3 ↓ Calcification
  - NT3 ↓ Coughing
  - NT3 ↓ Defecation
  - NT3 ↓ Desquamation
  - NT3 ↓ Diapause
  - NT3 ↓ Digestion
  - NT3 ↓ Eating ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Appetite
  - NT3 ↓ Ejaculation
  - NT3 ↓ Energy metabolism ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Energy metabolism in cancer cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Energy metabolism in tumor cells ►
    - NT4 ↓ Extra-mitochondrial energy metabolism
  - NT3 ↓ Erythropoiesis
  - NT3 ↓ Estrous cycle ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Proestrus
  - NT3 ↓ Excretion
  - NT3 ↓ Food consumption
  - NT3 ↓ Hair growth ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Anagen phase
    - NT4 ↓ Catagen phase
    - NT4 ↓ Telogen phase
  - NT3 ↓ Hibernation
  - NT3 ↓ Homeostasis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Homeostatic mechanisms
  - NT3 ↓ Ingestion ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Drinking
    - NT4 ↓ Swallowing
  - NT3 ↓ Molting
  - NT3 ↓ Physiological adaptation
  - NT3 ↓ Respiration ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Aerial respiration
    - NT4 ↓ Aquatic respiration
    - NT4 ↓ Breathing
    - NT4 ↓ Cutaneous respiration
    - NT4 ↓ Inhalation
    - NT4 ↓ Oxygen consumption
    - NT4 ↓ Plant respiration
    - NT4 ↓ Ram ventilation
  - NT3 ↓ Salivation
  - NT3 ↓ Secretion
  - NT3 ↓ Sleep ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Dreams
  - NT3 ↓ Sneezing
  - NT3 ↓ Thermogenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Tissue repair ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Lysis (medicine)
    - NT4 ↓ Wound healing
  - NT3 ↓ Urination
  - NT3 ↓ Vomiting
- NT2 ↓ Physiological properties
- NT2 ↓ Renal physiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Drug excretion
  - NT3 ↓ Glomerular filtration rate
  - NT3 ↓ Renal circulation
- NT2 ↓ Reproductive physiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Copulation
  - NT3 ↓ Gametogenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Lactation
  - NT3 ↓ Menstrual cycle ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Menarche
    - NT4 ↓ Ovulation
  - NT3 ↓ Oogenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Oviposition ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Clutches
  - NT3 ↓ Spermatogenesis
- NT2 ↓ Respiratory physiology
- NT2 ↓ Sensory physiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Auditory system ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Auditory cortex
    - NT4 ↓ Auditory pathway
    - NT4 ↓ Echolocation
  - NT3 ↓ Gustatory system
  - NT3 ↓ Olfactory system
  - NT3 ↓ Somatosensory system ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Pain sensation
    - NT4 ↓ Tactile sensation
    - NT4 ↓ Thermoception
  - NT3 ↓ Visual system ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Eye movements
NT1 ↓ Plant science ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Bryology
- NT2 ↓ Dendrology
- NT2 ↓ Ethnobotany
- NT2 ↓ Geobotany
- NT2 ↓ Lichenology
- NT2 ↓ Palynology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Melissopalynology
  - NT3 ↓ Palynofacies
  - NT3 ↓ Palynomorphs ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chitinozoans
    - NT4 ↓ Dinocysts
    - NT4 ↓ Orbicules
    - NT4 ↓ Scolecodonts
- NT2 ↓ Phycology
- NT2 ↓ Phytosociology
- NT2 ↓ Plant anatomy ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Abaxial surface
  - NT3 ↓ Adaxial surface
  - NT3 ↓ Buds
  - NT3 ↓ Endodermis
  - NT3 ↓ Flower anatomy ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Androecium
    - NT4 ↓ Anthers
    - NT4 ↓ Calyx
    - NT4 ↓ Carpels
    - NT4 ↓ Corolla
    - NT4 ↓ Gynoecium
    - NT4 ↓ Petals
    - NT4 ↓ Pistils ►
    - NT4 ↓ Sepals
    - NT4 ↓ Stamens
  - NT3 ↓ Flowers
  - NT3 ↓ Fruit and seed anatomy ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Endosperm
    - NT4 ↓ Micropyle
    - NT4 ↓ Ovules
    - NT4 ↓ Pericarp
    - NT4 ↓ Plant embryo anatomy ►
    - NT4 ↓ Seed coat
  - NT3 ↓ Glumes
  - NT3 ↓ Inflorescences ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Panicles
  - NT3 ↓ Leaves ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Apoplastic space
    - NT4 ↓ Fronds
    - NT4 ↓ Guard cells
    - NT4 ↓ Hydathodes
    - NT4 ↓ Leaf veins
    - NT4 ↓ Palisade mesophyll
    - NT4 ↓ Pavement cells
    - NT4 ↓ Spongy mesophyll
    - NT4 ↓ Stomata
  - NT3 ↓ Nectaries
  - NT3 ↓ Pericycle
  - NT3 ↓ Plant embryo anatomy ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Antipodals
    - NT4 ↓ Central cells
    - NT4 ↓ Cotyledons (botany)
    - NT4 ↓ Embryo sac
    - NT4 ↓ Epicotyl
    - NT4 ↓ Hypocotyl
    - NT4 ↓ Radicle
    - NT4 ↓ Synergids
  - NT3 ↓ Plant roots ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Fine roots
    - NT4 ↓ Lateral roots
    - NT4 ↓ Root apical meristem
    - NT4 ↓ Root hairs
    - NT4 ↓ Root nodules
    - NT4 ↓ Root structure
  - NT3 ↓ Plant tissues
  - NT3 ↓ Pollen ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Generative nucleus
    - NT4 ↓ Pollen tube
    - NT4 ↓ Tube nucleus
  - NT3 ↓ Seeds
  - NT3 ↓ Stem anatomy ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Internodes
    - NT4 ↓ Lenticels
    - NT4 ↓ Shoot apical meristem
    - NT4 ↓ Stomata
  - NT3 ↓ Trichomes
  - NT3 ↓ Tubers
  - NT3 ↓ Vascular bundles ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Phloem
    - NT4 ↓ Xylem
  - NT3 ↓ Wood ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bark
    - NT4 ↓ Branch collar
    - NT4 ↓ Cork
    - NT4 ↓ Heartwood and sapwood
    - NT4 ↓ Vascular cambium
- NT2 ↓ Plant biochemistry ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Carbohydrate biosynthesis
  - NT3 ↓ Photosynthesis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ C3 photosynthesis
    - NT4 ↓ C4 photosynthesis
    - NT4 ↓ Carbon fixation
    - NT4 ↓ Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase
  - NT3 ↓ Phytochemicals
  - NT3 ↓ Plant energy production
  - NT3 ↓ Plant hormones ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Abscisic acid
    - NT4 ↓ Auxins
    - NT4 ↓ Cytokinins
    - NT4 ↓ Ethylene
    - NT4 ↓ Gibberellins
    - NT4 ↓ Jasmonic acid
    - NT4 ↓ Plant peptide hormones
- NT2 ↓ Plant biotechnology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Genetically modified plants ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Genetically modified crops
  - NT3 ↓ Marker-assisted selection
  - NT3 ↓ Plant genomics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Plant genomes
- NT2 ↓ Plant cell biology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Chloroplasts ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chlorophyll
    - NT4 ↓ Etioplasts
    - NT4 ↓ Synthetic chloroplasts
  - NT3 ↓ Mesophyll
  - NT3 ↓ Plant cells ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Chloroplasts ►
    - NT4 ↓ Companion cells
    - NT4 ↓ Guard cells
    - NT4 ↓ Meristematic cells
    - NT4 ↓ Mesophyll cells
    - NT4 ↓ Palisade mesophyll
    - NT4 ↓ Parenchyma cells
    - NT4 ↓ Pavement cells
    - NT4 ↓ Plant cell walls
    - NT4 ↓ Plasmodesmata
    - NT4 ↓ Spongy mesophyll
  - NT3 ↓ Plant mitochondria
  - NT3 ↓ Plant vacuoles
  - NT3 ↓ Plastids
- NT2 ↓ Plant ecology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Plant communities ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Grasslands
  - NT3 ↓ Plant-animal interactions ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Herbivory
    - NT4 ↓ Plant-herbivore interactions
    - NT4 ↓ Plant-insect interactions
  - NT3 ↓ Plant-environment interactions ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Plant resistance to abiotic stress ►
    - NT4 ↓ Rhizosphere
  - NT3 ↓ Plant-microbial interactions
- NT2 ↓ Plant evolution ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Plant phylogenetics
- NT2 ↓ Plant genetics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Crop genetics
  - NT3 ↓ Plant genomics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Plant genomes
- NT2 ↓ Plant growth and development ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Plant development ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Endosperm development
    - NT4 ↓ Floral development
    - NT4 ↓ Leaf development
    - NT4 ↓ Meristem development ►
    - NT4 ↓ Plant embryogenesis ►
    - NT4 ↓ Root development
  - NT3 ↓ Plant tropisms ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Gravitropism
    - NT4 ↓ Phototropism
  - NT3 ↓ Root growth
  - NT3 ↓ Shoot growth
- NT2 ↓ Plant microbiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Agrobacteria ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Agrobacterium tumefaciens
  - NT3 ↓ Mycorrhiza
- NT2 ↓ Plant morphology
- NT2 ↓ Plant pathology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Plant disease resistance ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ MAMP-triggered immunity
    - NT4 ↓ Phytoalexins
  - NT3 ↓ Plant pathogens ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Downy mildew
    - NT4 ↓ Plant bacterial pathogens ►
    - NT4 ↓ Plant fungal pathogens ►
    - NT4 ↓ Plant viral pathogens ►
    - NT4 ↓ Viroids
  - NT3 ↓ Plant pests
  - NT3 ↓ Plant resistance to abiotic stress ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Drought adaptation
- NT2 ↓ Plant physiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Gravitropism
  - NT3 ↓ Meristems ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Root apical meristem
    - NT4 ↓ Shoot apical meristem
  - NT3 ↓ Nitrogen fixation
  - NT3 ↓ Photoinhibition
  - NT3 ↓ Photomorphogenesis
  - NT3 ↓ Phototropism
  - NT3 ↓ Plant defenses ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Plant disease resistance ►
    - NT4 ↓ Plant resistance to abiotic stress ►
    - NT4 ↓ Systemic acquired resistance
  - NT3 ↓ Plant polymorphism
  - NT3 ↓ Plant reproduction ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Plant spores
    - NT4 ↓ Plant sporulation
    - NT4 ↓ Seed germination
    - NT4 ↓ Sprouts
  - NT3 ↓ Plant respiration
  - NT3 ↓ Plant rhythms
  - NT3 ↓ Plant senescence
  - NT3 ↓ Plant transpiration
  - NT3 ↓ Pollination
  - NT3 ↓ Solute transport
  - NT3 ↓ Vascular bundles ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Phloem
    - NT4 ↓ Xylem
  - NT3 ↓ Vernalization
- NT2 ↓ Plant taxonomy ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Dicotyledons
  - NT3 ↓ Monocotyledons
- NT2 ↓ Pteridology
- NT2 ↓ Xylology
NT1 ↓ Population biology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Population dynamics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Geographic distribution
  - NT3 ↓ Metapopulation dynamics
  - NT3 ↓ Predator-prey dynamics
- NT2 ↓ Population ecology
- NT2 ↓ Population genetics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Effective population size
  - NT3 ↓ Gene flow
  - NT3 ↓ Gene pool
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic drift
  - NT3 ↓ Genetic polymorphism
  - NT3 ↓ Haplogroups
  - NT3 ↓ Haplotypes
  - NT3 ↓ Natural selection ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Directional selection
    - NT4 ↓ Ecological selection
    - NT4 ↓ Reproductive success ►
    - NT4 ↓ Sexual selection
    - NT4 ↓ Signatures of natural selection
    - NT4 ↓ Survival of the fittest
  - NT3 ↓ Neutral theory
  - NT3 ↓ Phylogeography
  - NT3 ↓ Ploidy
- NT2 ↓ Population metrics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Birth rates
  - NT3 ↓ Carrying capacity
  - NT3 ↓ Death rates
  - NT3 ↓ Effective population size
  - NT3 ↓ Fecundity
  - NT3 ↓ Minimum viable population
  - NT3 ↓ Population density
  - NT3 ↓ Population growth
  - NT3 ↓ Population size ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Effective population size
- NT2 ↓ Population modeling ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Infectious disease modeling
NT1 ↓ Psychology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Addiction ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Addicts ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Alcoholics
    - NT4 ↓ Drug users
  - NT3 ↓ Alcoholism
  - NT3 ↓ Behavioral addiction
  - NT3 ↓ Computer addiction
  - NT3 ↓ Drug addiction ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Prescription drug addiction
    - NT4 ↓ Recreational drug addiction
  - NT3 ↓ Gambling addiction
  - NT3 ↓ Nicotine addiction ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Electronic cigarettes
  - NT3 ↓ Sex addiction
  - NT3 ↓ Shopping addiction
  - NT3 ↓ Substance addiction
  - NT3 ↓ Workaholism
- NT2 ↓ Applied psychology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Industrial psychology
  - NT3 ↓ Military psychology
  - NT3 ↓ Propaganda
- NT2 ↓ Attitudes (psychology)
- NT2 ↓ Clinical psychology
- NT2 ↓ Cognitive psychology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Academic skills ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Literacy
    - NT4 ↓ Numeracy
  - NT3 ↓ Attention ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Vigilance (psychology)
    - NT4 ↓ Vigilance decrement
  - NT3 ↓ Creativity
  - NT3 ↓ Intelligence ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Human intelligence
  - NT3 ↓ Language
  - NT3 ↓ Learning ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Human learning
    - NT4 ↓ Learning curves
  - NT3 ↓ Motivation
  - NT3 ↓ Music cognition ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Music perception
  - NT3 ↓ Perception ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Face recognition
    - NT4 ↓ Object recognition
  - NT3 ↓ Priming (psychology)
  - NT3 ↓ Problem solving ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cognitive heuristics
  - NT3 ↓ Reasoning ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Reasoning skills
  - NT3 ↓ Social cognition
- NT2 ↓ Collective human behavior ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Interpersonal relationships
  - NT3 ↓ Team behavior
- NT2 ↓ Developmental psychology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Autism spectrum disorder ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Asperger syndrome
    - NT4 ↓ Autism
  - NT3 ↓ Pervasive developmental disorders
  - NT3 ↓ Rett syndrome
- NT2 ↓ Emotions ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Anxiety
  - NT3 ↓ Fear
  - NT3 ↓ Gratitude
- NT2 ↓ Experimental psychology
- NT2 ↓ Neuropsychology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Neuropsychological testing
- NT2 ↓ Pain psychology
- NT2 ↓ Personality ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Personality differences
  - NT3 ↓ Personality traits ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Impulsivity
- NT2 ↓ Priming (psychology)
- NT2 ↓ Psychological adjustment
- NT2 ↓ Psychological defense mechanisms
- NT2 ↓ Psychological stress
- NT2 ↓ Psychometrics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Achievement tests
  - NT3 ↓ Aptitude tests
  - NT3 ↓ Intelligence tests
  - NT3 ↓ Personality tests
  - NT3 ↓ Projective tests
  - NT3 ↓ Psychomotor tests
- NT2 ↓ Psychophysics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Psychoacoustics
- NT2 ↓ Relaxation (psychology)
- NT2 ↓ Sensory perception ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Hallucinations
  - NT3 ↓ Hearing ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Pitch perception
  - NT3 ↓ Music perception
  - NT3 ↓ Nociception
  - NT3 ↓ Parapsychology
  - NT3 ↓ Proprioception
  - NT3 ↓ Pruritus
  - NT3 ↓ Psychophysics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Psychoacoustics
  - NT3 ↓ Sensory cues
  - NT3 ↓ Sensory deprivation
  - NT3 ↓ Sensory receptors ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Mechanoreceptors
    - NT4 ↓ Nociceptors
    - NT4 ↓ Taste buds
  - NT3 ↓ Smell
  - NT3 ↓ Touch
  - NT3 ↓ Vision ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Binocular vision
    - NT4 ↓ Color vision
    - NT4 ↓ Monocular vision
    - NT4 ↓ Phototransduction
    - NT4 ↓ Visual acuity
    - NT4 ↓ Visual pathways
    - NT4 ↓ Visual signals
- NT2 ↓ Sexual identity ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Bisexuality
  - NT3 ↓ Heterosexuality
  - NT3 ↓ Homosexuality
  - NT3 ↓ Transsexualism
- NT2 ↓ Social psychology
NT1 ↓ Radiobiology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Radiation biophysics
NT1 ↓ Species interactions ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Commensalism
- NT2 ↓ Mutualism
- NT2 ↓ Parasitism
- NT2 ↓ Symbiosis
NT1 ↓ Sports science ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Sports
- NT2 ↓ Sports and exercise medicine ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Exercise ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Aerobic exercise
    - NT4 ↓ Strength training
NT1 ↓ Synthetic biology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Synthetic bioengineering ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Genome engineering ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Synthetic genome editing ►
  - NT3 ↓ Macromolecular engineering ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Macromolecular design
    - NT4 ↓ Protein engineering ►
  - NT3 ↓ Metabolic engineering
  - NT3 ↓ Network engineering
  - NT3 ↓ Pathway engineering
- NT2 ↓ Synthetic biosensors
- NT2 ↓ Synthetic biotechnology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Nano-enabled synthetic biology
  - NT3 ↓ Synthetic nucleic acids ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Glycol nucleic acids
    - NT4 ↓ Locked nucleic acids
    - NT4 ↓ Threose nucleic acids
  - NT3 ↓ Synthetic peptides
- NT2 ↓ Synthetic biotherapeutics
- NT2 ↓ Synthetic ecology
- NT2 ↓ Synthetic genetic systems ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Synthetic gene oscillators
  - NT3 ↓ Synthetic genetic networks ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Synthetic promoters
- NT2 ↓ Synthetic genomics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Synthetic chloroplasts
  - NT3 ↓ Synthetic genome editing ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ CRISPR
    - NT4 ↓ TALENs
    - NT4 ↓ Zinc finger nucleases
  - NT3 ↓ Synthetic plasmids
- NT2 ↓ Synthetic life
NT1 ↓ Systems biology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Integrative physiology
- NT2 ↓ Systems ecology
NT1 ↓ Taxonomy ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Animal taxonomy ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Chordata ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cephalochordata
    - NT4 ↓ Tunicata
    - NT4 ↓ Vertebrata
  - NT3 ↓ Hemichordata
- NT2 ↓ Evolutionary systematics ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Cladistics
  - NT3 ↓ Molecular systematics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ DNA barcoding
  - NT3 ↓ Phyletic patterns
  - NT3 ↓ Phylogenetics ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Animal phylogenetics
    - NT4 ↓ Plant phylogenetics
- NT2 ↓ Microbial taxonomy ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Archaeal taxonomy
  - NT3 ↓ Bacterial taxonomy
  - NT3 ↓ Viral taxonomy
- NT2 ↓ Phenetics
- NT2 ↓ Plant taxonomy ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Dicotyledons
  - NT3 ↓ Monocotyledons
NT1 ↓ Theoretical biology
NT1 ↓ Toxicology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Antidotes
- NT2 ↓ Antitoxins
- NT2 ↓ Cytotoxicity
- NT2 ↓ Cytotoxicity assay
- NT2 ↓ Detoxification
- NT2 ↓ Endotoxemia
- NT2 ↓ Forensic toxicology
- NT2 ↓ Genetic toxicology
- NT2 ↓ Immunotoxicology
- NT2 ↓ Neurotoxicology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Neurotoxins
- NT2 ↓ Predictive toxicology
- NT2 ↓ Toxic agents ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Cyanides
  - NT3 ↓ Cytotoxins
  - NT3 ↓ Neurotoxins
  - NT3 ↓ Toxins ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bacterial toxins ►
    - NT4 ↓ Heavy metals
    - NT4 ↓ Phytotoxins
    - NT4 ↓ Venoms
- NT2 ↓ Toxicity
- NT2 ↓ Toxicokinetics
- NT2 ↓ Toxin binding
NT1 ↓ Veterinary science ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Animal types ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Aquatic animals
  - NT3 ↓ Domestic animals
  - NT3 ↓ Laboratory animals
  - NT3 ↓ Large animals
  - NT3 ↓ Pets and companion animals
  - NT3 ↓ Small animals
  - NT3 ↓ Wildlife
- NT2 ↓ Veterinary anatomy ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Aerial respiratory anatomy
  - NT3 ↓ Animal digestive anatomy
  - NT3 ↓ Animal genital anatomy
  - NT3 ↓ Animal musculoskeletal anatomy
  - NT3 ↓ Animal neuroanatomy
  - NT3 ↓ Animal ocular anatomy
  - NT3 ↓ Animal renal anatomy
  - NT3 ↓ Animal skin anatomy
  - NT3 ↓ Aquatic respiratory anatomy
  - NT3 ↓ Wings
- NT2 ↓ Veterinary diseases ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Epizootics
  - NT3 ↓ Paratuberculosis
  - NT3 ↓ Veterinary bacteriology
  - NT3 ↓ Veterinary mycology
  - NT3 ↓ Veterinary prion diseases ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
    - NT4 ↓ Chronic wasting disease
    - NT4 ↓ Scrapie
  - NT3 ↓ Veterinary virology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Animal influenza
    - NT4 ↓ Canine coronavirus
    - NT4 ↓ Feline coronavirus
    - NT4 ↓ Foot and mouth disease
  - NT3 ↓ Zoonoses ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Anthrax
    - NT4 ↓ Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
    - NT4 ↓ Borna virus infection
    - NT4 ↓ Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
    - NT4 ↓ Bovine tuberculosis
    - NT4 ↓ Brucellosis ►
    - NT4 ↓ Cat scratch disease
    - NT4 ↓ Cowpox
    - NT4 ↓ Ehrlichiosis (canine)
    - NT4 ↓ Hemorrhagic fevers
    - NT4 ↓ Korean hemorrhagic fever
    - NT4 ↓ Kyasanur Forest Disease
    - NT4 ↓ Labrea fever
    - NT4 ↓ Leishmaniasis ►
    - NT4 ↓ Leptospirosis
    - NT4 ↓ Marburg fever
    - NT4 ↓ Mediterranean spotted fever
    - NT4 ↓ Monkey B virus
    - NT4 ↓ Monkeypox
    - NT4 ↓ Nipah fever
    - NT4 ↓ Omsk hemorrhagic fever
    - NT4 ↓ Orf
    - NT4 ↓ Oropouche fever
    - NT4 ↓ Prion diseases ►
    - NT4 ↓ Rabies
    - NT4 ↓ Rift Valley fever
    - NT4 ↓ Streptococcus suis
    - NT4 ↓ Swine influenza
    - NT4 ↓ Taeniasis
    - NT4 ↓ Trematodosis
    - NT4 ↓ Trypanosomiasis ►
    - NT4 ↓ Tularemia
    - NT4 ↓ Typhus of rickettsiae
- NT2 ↓ Veterinary epidemiology
- NT2 ↓ Veterinary informatics
- NT2 ↓ Veterinary medicine ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Livestock care
  - NT3 ↓ Shelter medicine
  - NT3 ↓ Small animal care
  - NT3 ↓ Veterinary cardiology
  - NT3 ↓ Veterinary dentistry
  - NT3 ↓ Veterinary diagnostics
  - NT3 ↓ Veterinary hospitals
  - NT3 ↓ Veterinary immunology
  - NT3 ↓ Veterinary neurology
  - NT3 ↓ Veterinary oncology
  - NT3 ↓ Veterinary ophthalmology
  - NT3 ↓ Veterinary sports medicine
  - NT3 ↓ Veterinary surgery
- NT2 ↓ Veterinary microbiology
- NT2 ↓ Veterinary parasitology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Parasite evolution
  - NT3 ↓ Parasite physiology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Parasitophorous vacuole
  - NT3 ↓ Quantitative parasitology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Parasitemia
- NT2 ↓ Veterinary pathology
- NT2 ↓ Veterinary pharmacology
- NT2 ↓ Veterinary toxicology
NT1 ↓ Zoology ►▼
- NT2 ↓ Animal behavior ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Animal migration ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Animal navigation ►
    - NT4 ↓ Homing behavior
  - NT3 ↓ Animal sexual behavior ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Mating behavior ►
  - NT3 ↓ Animal signaling and communication ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Bird song
    - NT4 ↓ Echolocation
    - NT4 ↓ Vocalization
    - NT4 ↓ Waggle-dancing
  - NT3 ↓ Animal sociality
  - NT3 ↓ Collective animal behavior
  - NT3 ↓ Foraging
  - NT3 ↓ Grazing
  - NT3 ↓ Hibernation
  - NT3 ↓ Hunting behavior
  - NT3 ↓ Imitation
  - NT3 ↓ Imprinting (psychology)
  - NT3 ↓ Instinct
- NT2 ↓ Animal cognition
- NT2 ↓ Animal phylogenetics
- NT2 ↓ Animal physiology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Antennae (animal physiology)
  - NT3 ↓ Antlers
  - NT3 ↓ Biological defense mechanisms
  - NT3 ↓ Bird physiology
  - NT3 ↓ Cloaca
  - NT3 ↓ Exoskeleton
  - NT3 ↓ Feathers
  - NT3 ↓ Fur
  - NT3 ↓ Gills
  - NT3 ↓ Horns (anatomy)
  - NT3 ↓ Invertebrate physiology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Insect physiology
  - NT3 ↓ Spiracles
  - NT3 ↓ Tails
  - NT3 ↓ Vertebrate physiology ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Amphibian physiology
    - NT4 ↓ Fish physiology
    - NT4 ↓ Mammalian physiology
    - NT4 ↓ Reptile physiology
  - NT3 ↓ Vibrissae
- NT2 ↓ Animal taxonomy ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Chordata ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Cephalochordata
    - NT4 ↓ Tunicata
    - NT4 ↓ Vertebrata
  - NT3 ↓ Hemichordata
- NT2 ↓ Animal types ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Aquatic animals
  - NT3 ↓ Domestic animals
  - NT3 ↓ Laboratory animals
  - NT3 ↓ Large animals
  - NT3 ↓ Pets and companion animals
  - NT3 ↓ Small animals
  - NT3 ↓ Wildlife
- NT2 ↓ Avian biology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Bird physiology
  - NT3 ↓ Bird song
- NT2 ↓ Comparative anatomy
- NT2 ↓ Entomology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Aquatic insects
  - NT3 ↓ Insect metamorphosis ►▼
    - NT4 ↓ Hemimetabolism
    - NT4 ↓ Holometabolism
    - NT4 ↓ Imagos
    - NT4 ↓ Pupae
  - NT3 ↓ Insect pheromones
  - NT3 ↓ Insect physiology
- NT2 ↓ Fish biology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Fish metamorphosis
  - NT3 ↓ Fish physiology
- NT2 ↓ Helminthology
- NT2 ↓ Malacology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Teuthology
- NT2 ↓ Mammalogy ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Mammalian physiology
  - NT3 ↓ Primatology
- NT2 ↓ Nematology
- NT2 ↓ Reptile biology ►▼
  - NT3 ↓ Reptile physiology

Date of creation

23-Oct-2015

Accepted term

23-Oct-2015

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4483

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